نشریه علوم سیاسی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 53، بهار 1390)

"Governmental jurisprudence" and "governmental approach in jurisprudence" are the terms expressed in the scientific gatherings over two decades and it is occasionally assorted with "political jurisprudence" or "government jurisprudence"; so it needs to be investigated. Besides, the governmental approach in jurisprudence could lead to the profound consequences in political jurisprudence; so the necessity of its investigation would be of double importance.In this article, it has been endeavored to explain the governmental approach in jurisprudence and to investigate its differences from "political jurisprudence", " jurisprudence of government " as well as other feasibly- mistaken expressions.Since this issue is considered as a new one, it has been endeavored to investigate in an article some of its angels and to compare it in terms of subject, bases and consequences through an "individual approach in jurisprudence". The governmental approach in jurisprudence is considered as a theory concerning deduction which recommends the jurisprudent in the position of the inference of jurisprudent injunctions to take account of their administration in a governmental system. This inferential method is founded on a series of bases such as the broadness of religion realm to the arena of the management of society along with the consequences such as the priority of preserving the Islamic government to the other jurisprudent injunctions.

The formed social movements in 60s and 70s A.D. -different in terms of identity, structure and objectives from the previous samples- has reminded the necessity of presentation of modern thoughts on the statement of modern communal actions; while the theory of new movements was formed in this very regard. In one hand, the occurrence of Islamic Revolution of Iran in 80s A.D. absorbed the flow of western sociological thoughts in line with its propagation, whereas none of these thoughts were capable of expressing Islamic republic of Iran. Meanwhile, some believe that due to the properties such as high-class and transnational identity, conceptual and cultural dimension, depiction of new territories of identity and the property of responsibility towards prejudice, the revolution of Iran is considered as a sort of formed movements in the recent decades particularly the new social movements and consequently, it could be compliant with them. Besides raising this question concerned with the degree of theoretical statement of Islamic revolution of Iran by the theory of modern social movements in the present research, the planning of classic and modern strategy of social action in one hand and the presented ideas related to Iran Islamic Revolution on the other hand, it has been investigated the commonality and diversity of the theory of modern social movements with Iran Islamic Revolution and finally the incapability of this theory in perfect propagation of Iran Revolution in spite of similarities between the theories of modern social movements with Iran revolution has been emphasized.

Mirdamad is one of the scientists, jurists, and prominent leaders of Twelvers in the period of Shah Abbas Safavi. In the present article, it has been investigated the new aspects of diversity of his states, thoughts, and political-social ideas. The religion and scientific position of him had made him contribute in the issues of Iran and world of Islam and present some guides for the solution of problems. The belief in the theologian instructions of Imamate had made him not give legitimacy to Safavit kingdom; while through relying on jurisprudent bases and to the extent of his power, he did his best in his religious and political duties.

Panorama is considered as one of the methods of future-survey looking for the answer to this question that "How should be the future?". This method is to present a desirable image in far future and it has never been created out of the existent status, but out of sources, high-rank documents, fundamental standards and goals. Such a presentation of image known as "prediction", would be a sort of planning from the future to the present; and not a method from the present to the future. Since the utopia is not simply succeeded in near future and the society would be obliged to practically utilize a descended model of it, this descended model will be realized as a normative panorama. Accordingly, the present research is an effort to achieve a model of panorama qualified enough to analyze a desirable image in political studies. After the definition of panorama and the necessity of its presentation as a method, it has been studied the mentioned differences in compiling panorama (including the analysis of present status, connecting the future to the present, and the process of compilation). The quadric process in the compilation of panorama for political studies would be the following investigated issues of the article.

The continuous defeats of hard war that caused the transition from hardware to software could be identified under the title of soft war/power, a war that is of soft look but an identity greater than war and hard power. From 90s A.D., the concept of soft power was expressed in political literature and immediately it came into action and nowadays, the countries are to achieve it or to increase its dimensions. Iran has been constantly encountered with soft threatening of opponents in the recent decades in spite of great efficiency in this regard. Hence, the perception of confrontation strategies with soft power can be considered as the necessity of survey relevant to the national security. So this writing is to investigate the soft power and the ways of encountering with it and to present some comments in these areas directing to process and decision making.

A great amount of literature regarding the nuclear issue of Islamic Republic of Iran system has to do with the motivation-based works. The analysts of foreign policy and international relationships are to investigate the major element of the continuation of nuclear activities of Islamic Republic of Iran in spite of pressures and environmental reactions. Through a realistic and security-centered view (inspired by waltz' theory of nuclear hindrance) towards the nuclear plan of Islamic Republic of Iran, these analysts state the major reason of these activities by Islamic Republic of Iran to be the motivation for acquiring security, making regional hindrance, and encountering with potential challenges of security. Considering a great amount of ideas, particularly in western texts relevant to the nuclear issue of Iran, the major goal of this article is to investigate the degree of truthfulness of this idea through the existent data and evidences as well as behavioral and verbal actions of authorities of Islamic Republic of Iran.

During continuous years after the occurrence of world wars, besides the insistence of western thought on achieving a pragmatist understanding from the world along with the function of modernism in making some kind of fundamental dualism between subject identification (Subzheh) and subject identification (Abzheh), the attempt for adapting these apparently heterogeneous concepts to mention a moral perception from foreign politics through the traditional instruction on modern perception from the world was considered to some extent heavy and even void of rationalism. However, through the investigation of theorization in this regard, we can be hopeful that the attempt to state the foreign politics based on morality, considering as text not margin, would be possible to emerge and it's not worthless and ineffective anymore. This article is an attempt to approve the importance of political moral issues and the possibility of presenting a moral perception from international relationships as well as the depth of interest of various ideas related to foreign politics and the international relationships to this issue, without emphasis on the importance of particular theory or theories.