نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 17 (پاییز 1393)

Narration is about studying different methods of writing and analysis of literature. Because of Daneshvar’s in-depth knowledge of narration,showing aspects of her narrative style was the purpose of the present study. Time in "Wandering Island", based on extracted indications, has been assessed with analytical and descriptive methods to realize and understanding the bottom layers of the "Wandering Island" novel. Among kinds of narration, time factor in "wandering island" is the primary factor and different layers of timing are joined together that creates complexity of narration. The dominant aspect (dimension) of narration in this novel is a flashback technique, and sometimes forward orientationform of predicting the events to increase the suspension function and attract addresser of the narration in the novel. In "wandering Island" there are many kinds of time that are mixed together. First of them is referred to the main events of the novel. The events at this time consist of ten months.Daneshvar represented the purpose and concept of her thought with those historical events. The singular frequency constitutes the dominant aspect of the narration.

Narrative processing is One of the prominent elements of poetry, Mehdi Akhavan, contemporary modernist poet.This paper is based on the theory of time in narrative that study time in the best narrative poetry of Akhavan.The main idea in the theory of time in narrative is discussion of timing narrative is based on three pillars order theory of Gérard Genette,Order, Narrative speed and frequency. The results show that pause, Analepsis, Prolepsis and repeated frequency is the most important timings techniques that poet dealing with them.Open story in Akhvanspoem is done with very objective descriptions. This is done in line with the aims of the poet that is going to enhance the narrative to poem. On the other hand, use of these techniques is along with narrative content. Pause is seen in narratives that show repeat and force of history and humans,hoplessness from historical change.Repeating Frequency also can be seen in narratives that their contents are surrealistic. Sometimes the poet uses repeated frequency for symbolization.So functions of timing narrative devices in poetry of Akhavan are diverse and in line with the structure and content of them.

Literature is the result of individual and collective psyche which controlled by unconscious and conscious of individual and social psychology. So by looking at the literary works, psychological aspects of individual and community are better known. The fundamental question is to show how signs of growth and decline are materialized in the symbolic language of poetry. The purpose is to find signs of growth (love) and contrast it with signs of decline (love of death) in SiminBehbahani's collection of poems. It is a library research. This paper investigates the signs of growth and decline in Simin's poetry.

AdabolHarbvaShoja, the valuable work by Mohammad Ibn Mansour IbnSaeedeh, nicknamed as Mobarak Shah and known as FakhrModabber, is one of the most important Persian proses in the sixth and seventh centuries and it includes important information about the life time of the writer and before it. This book has been written in eloquent and fluent style.The first chapter of the book (about the forgiveness and generosity of the kings) includes many stories about the Imams, kings, caliphs and Iranian and Arabic rulers. The author, by his mastery over the Arabic language, has artistically used Arabic and Persian anecdotes to express the meaning of forgiveness and generosity. Through this the author leads the reader to grasp some circumstances about the culture and social and political conditions of the time of the author. In this article after introducing the work and its writer and his style in storytelling, we study the roots of each of the stories. Knowing about the sources of these stories in introducing the author’s style of storytelling and those sources used by him in storytelling helps a lot.

Deviation is one aspect of “Words Revival” Based on Linguistics That Causes Literary Pleasure through Breaking the Surface of Words, Not Deep Structure. On the one hand, Ultra-logic Rational and Mystical Nature of Mystical Facts and Meaning and Limitation of Language Efficiency, Have Led Gnostics Like Molavi And Ibnfarezto Use Deviated Language And Words.The purpose of this study is to critically review semantic deviation in Molaviand IbnFarez using descriptive-analytical approach. We Find through Investigation of These Two Poet’s Poems That The Most Fundamental Reason Is Unexpressibilityof Mystical Experience. Deviation inMolavi’s Poems ismore,because He Tries to Create a New Language through Playing withAntilogy. Sensational Similes are more meaningful with regard to his Mystical and Spiritual Temper. Although Molavi In Contrast To Ibnfarez Uses A Word With Different Interests In Different Meanings And Offers A Beautiful Linguistic Economy But Deviation Raised From Abstract Synesthesia And Metaphors Is More Beautiful inIbnfarez's Poems.

The constitutional era, which is characterized as the first movement and uprising in the Iranian community in accordance with modern intellectualism, is regarded as one of the most prominent eras in the Iranian satirical poetry throughout the Iranian history. Hence, it is inevitable that the constitutional satirical literature be investigated meticulously. In addition, due to the fact that the Iranian political, cultural and social domains are highly influenced by the intellectual movements, the accurate investigation of the current and coming conditions in Iran can merely be carried out through the constitutional discourse analysis. Therefore, analyzing the constitutional satirical poetry can pave the way for a precise awareness of changes in recent century. In this paper, the exploration of the satirical elements in the constitutional poetry has been made due to its remarkable effect upon the Iranian socio-political history. This research aims at conducting an investigation into the main concepts and subjects of the constitutional satirical poetry, as well as its impacts on the political and social domains. In this study, the hermetic method has been utilized. The results indicate that there exists a fundamental discrepancy between despotism and freedom; equality and class difference; modern and traditional women; patriotism and colonialism; as well as intellectualism and superstition. These differences have contributed to dynamism in the constitutional satirical poetry. It is concluded that the constitutional satirical poets have dealt with such concepts as modernity, intellectualism, patriotism, equality, constitution and legislation.

The color in Luscher experiment is divided into eight groups and what matters in this experiment, is the preference in the selection or rejection of colors because Luscher knows that it is caused by character and mentality. Also, color combinations are one of the imaginations in literary schools that the poet creates his works using them. The color spectrum of Rahi's poems has been influenced by his imaginations, because they sometimes used description of romantic or mystical - social, and literary attitudes. This paper aims to explore the artistic and emotional value of color in Rahi's poem and tries to show the color combinations. Rahi's colors have aspect of symbolic and also color patterns have been used in the titles of his compositions. Rahi has used both original meaning and virtual meaning. But what is important in this study is that Rahi's techniques to create color images are not only influenced by his personality but also in the creation of these images artistic and literary elements have played an important role.