نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 51 (بهار 1402)

Ruzha al-Safa is a seven-volume book on general history that was written at the end of the Timurid period. Despite the fame of this work, no detailed stylistic study has been done. This article seeks to answer the question, what are the features of Rouza al-Safa based on structuralist stylistic approach? In this article, the linguistic and literary coordinates of the book of Rouzah al-Safa were analyzed with a descriptive-analytical method and based on a structuralist stylistic approach. The results show that due to the adaptation of the work from several sources before the Timurid period and also the Timurid period, the stylistic coordinates of different periods have been reflected in it. The abundant use of Arabic compounds, Turkish and Mongolian words and phrases, descriptive verbs, descriptive and additional compounds, giving praise, description, adaptation of verses and inserting poems are some of the characteristics of the Timurid period in this work.

Magic and its related elements are among the concepts that have special importance and magic should be considered as a universal belief that has existed in human life until the present age. In fiction works, various authors have paid attention to magic and related elements in their works. In this research, which was developed using a descriptive-analytical method, the magical elements in the novels Jannameh by Hoshang Golshiri, Ahl Ghareq by Muniro Ravipour and Qoriya by Mohammad Moulaei have been examined and analyzed. In these works, the audience is faced with characters who have the ability to communicate with the other world and can create many works in this magical world. In the novel Jannameh, both the narrator of the story should be considered as an exorcist who is connected with the supernatural world, and the women of this novel, who often turn to superstitions.

Applying scientific-literary theories in criticizing literary texts and reading them is a method that is very popular and used in research recently due to its solid and analyzable method and style. Psychological theories have a special and valuable place among different fields that can be discussed around literary texts.Individualistic psychology was founded by Alfred Adler and one of the theories in this individualistic psychology is the theory of social interest. In this article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way based on document analysis and the method of library studies, the poemsof Forough Farrokhzad are analyzed and investigated based on the theory of social interest based on Adler's individualistic psychology. The results of the research show that the social interest in Forough Farrokhzad's poems is very strong in paying attention to his fellow men, especially women. The component of despair and loneliness in his poems makes it possible to consider him as an isolated personality type. Forough is a poet whose desired perfection is to reach a world where his fellows, especially the women of the society, are in safety and peace. In general, it can be said that the social interest in the existence of Forough is summarized in the effort to create better conditions for their fellows, especially women.

Stylistics is one of the branches of literary critique that use linguistic and rhetoric in text analysis, and in the critical and literary examination, it relies on the three main elements of the text, the author, and the audience. This research that based on structuralist stylistics, seeks to discover the Hidden Angles of Sheikh Ahmad Waeli's Religious Poems and from this point of view, his poems have been explored in linguistic, literary, and intellectual levels in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results of this study show that the poet's social and political ideas are reflected in his religious poems and the poet makes political and social use of the Ahlul-Bayt (pbuh) and especially the Prophet (pbuh). He is a poet of content and concept and has used simple, yet elusive words and phrases to interpret his beliefs and it rarely gets out of the poetry templates. He has a particular tendency to speak addressing and it has tried to serve its religious poetry to serve the needs and challenges of the Muslim world. He is aware of Quranic concepts and words and he has been able to add Qur'anic thought to his religious poetry.

A maqamah is a book that is written in the description of the status, expression of the sayings and mention of the virtues of one of the elders of the tariqat. Asrar al-Tawheed in the maqamas of Sheikh Abi Said is one of the most famous of these maqamas. In this book, in addition to the mention of Abu Sa'id's condition, there are several anecdotes about some of Bus Sa'id's deeds and words, which in their content and theme show many similarities with the behavior and words of Salaf Saleh. Due to the many similarities between these narrations, some researchers have come to the belief that this type of anecdotes should be considered as falsification and imitation of the disciples in favor of their elders. In order to reveal the validity of this belief, it is necessary to conduct an independent research on the stories that can be found similar to those of the predecessors. The results of this research confirm that the formation of the aforementioned similarities cannot be considered as a conclusive proof of forgery and attribution. The imagined and orderly reason for the formation of these examples was related to the conscious setting of the best sayings and imitating the most favorable circumstances to benefit from the highest morals.

What causes the formation of the poem is the form; Form industries and how they are used at the level of language show the level of its literacy. But the form alone does not guarantee the durability of the works. The present study aims to provide some points related to poetry criticism. This research is based on the fact that in criticizing the works, one should pay attention to important issues such as: sound and uniform language, lack of stylistic anxiety, the way of using formal industries and fairness in criticism. It should also be noted that not every work can be criticized. There are many works that do not get the privilege of criticism. Therefore, to criticize a work, a minimum level should be considered. It should also be kept in mind that the mere use of literary arts does not create art.