نشریه دانش های بومی ایران
پیاپی 7 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

The purpose of this study is to study the genius and creativity of the nomadic community in terms of adaptation with environment and protection of milk (as a perishable substance or product) in dispersed mountainous areas, identify how products produced in Sangsar tribe, and introduce milk derivations and its use as daily consumption and pharmaceutical, and identify work songs of nomadic producers as driving force of production, show the ability and capability of such a genius as a native and applied knowledge in the current conditions of society. This research has been conducted in field method with purposeful sampling and interviews with the producers of this dairy product in the nomads of the country sides of Sangsar tribes. The result shows that the tribes of Sangsar adapting with nature and providing their sustainable livelihoods, has been showing considerable ingenuity in maintaining milk production (a substance with fast perishable) and procuring various derivations of this substance and their experiments as a knowledge reserve can be used as expansion of modern knowledge.

Stock holders, including tribal and rural societies in Iran, have had valuable savings in the field of indigenous knowledge in range management for many years that is cultural and social potential of this ancient community. This research was done on principles of classification and nominalization of environmental components as an important factor in the rangeland classification system from the perspective of indigenous knowledge. Data collection was done through interviews in nomads' residence and participatory observation through survey research. Key concepts were then extracted from natives' narrative knowledge. The results indicate that nomads have subtle and detailed observations about the classification system that is completely corresponded with local conditions. As they have separate classifications for each surrounding environmental components. Accordingly, they classify rangeland based on topographic features, temperature, vegetation, soil, water resources, land use and access road for every part of which they have separate definition. These parts are named and defined in such a way that for a majority of locals are known as practical concepts. While there is no publication for this kind of categorization system, the environmental culture causes nomads living in that area to make use of this system.

The Typology of Kurdish work songs representative of social issues Social songs are part of folklore social songs are varieties. Type of social songs are works songs. Works songs are songs that women and men singing during work, for work and in the memories of work. The goal of this study is classification of Kurdish work songs in one side and attention to social issues among its in other side. Theory of study rooted in folklore theories. Methods of study were documental and field interviews. Data shows changing of jobs is very profoundly and many of work songs expose of changing and destroying. Work songs are the arts of in the everyday life and content of them are hope, Pain and deficiency of life hood. Some of this song singing during the work and some in free time. Most of songs belongs to traditions jobs and we found only one proto industrial song. Sometime singing by someone and sometime by collective. The role of women in songs is very important and some song only belong to women works.

Vegetable containers were produced as a hand-made, hand-crafted, and decorative art based on the needs of human societies. In the contemporary era, under the influence of industrial life and the transition from a migrant society to an industrial society, industrial containers replaced artistic and applied arts. In areas such as the immigrant societies in Khorasan and in the Bar area in particular, the production of traditional dishes and the use of its herb paste to store native secondary products is limited and the way of making it is not forgotten. In the present research, the process of production of such containers has been investigated within the context of the migration system of the societies and with a descriptive-analytical approach. The most important finding of the study is that this mode of production is due to the lifestyle and traditions of the community and its mode of production based on the system of division of family labor and represents a kind of mechanical order among these societies.

Jovak art work is one of the traditional arts and industries in Fars province and specially in Shiraz , a historical city in Iran . Unfortunately , today there are few people who have heard the name of this kind of art and usually they confuse this kind of art , which is made by putting together different pieces of woods with various colors with another kind of art called Khaatam . In this study , considering the role and status of Jovak art and its past records and also interviewing with the only man who makes this kind of art work as a case study , it has been studying and investigating seriously . The methodology has been both the field and library study ( historical documents and content analysis ) . Finally , it has been tried to find out the reasons that kept such a nice art unknown to people by referring to different investigations , studies , and documentary resources as well as to help it to be recognized by more people and prevent it to be disappeared . So some solutions are presented to promote this kind of nice art .

Achievement to experiences and informed and non-documentary information is one of the valuable ways for recovering the traditions which are unconsciously threatened with destruction. The object of this research was identification the medicinal plants using by nomads and collecting their information about Medicinal organs and how they are used, as well as diseases that can be treated with these plants, and in fact the study of ethnobotany and the ethno-pharmacology of medicinal plants using by nomads in the Chehel-Kaman rangeland. Registration of Beliefs and Indigenous Data of the Nomads was conducted by interview in both places of residence in the nomads and participatory interviews at the habitat of the plants. The interviewees were selected by snowball method. At the same time, through participatory interviews and field surveys, plant species were collected to identify based on valid sources of Botany. For each medicinal plant species, the scientific name, family, local name, medicinal organ, current therapeutic properties, as well as the method of preparation and use of herbal medicine were developed. Relative Frequency (RF (and Use Value (UV) for each medicinal plant were calculated. In the study area, 51 medicinal species belonging to 26 family were identified. The most populous plant families were Asteraceae and Lamiaceae with 7 and 6 species. The findings showed that the highest frequency of medicinal plants was used for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (52.94%). The highest UV was belonged to Thymus transcaspicus and Bunium persicum equal to 0.66.