فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 12، شتاء 2012)

the direct voice of the poet hides from the beginning of the poem to its end, or the name that the poet speaks through which about himself detached from his or her substantiality, or he is just a historic character..., behind that the poet hides himself to interpret the situation that he wants or to criticize the vices of modern age through it, or to speak of it for some of his concerns and worries or to escape from the present by creating a replacement for it. We can say that the mask in Arabic poetry has multiple factors, including: political factors, and social, artistic, cultural, and nationalism, and the mask has types, including: the religious and mystical, historical, and literary, and legendary, and public, and its patterns are simple,and composite and inventor. Bayati employed the personality of Imam Hussein (AS) in his divan that is not in a declarative way to enrich his poetical experience and to state his suffering and the tragedy of his people. The reincarnation of this mask to shed light on the Arab indirectly and to highlight all its painful aspects and he balanced in his reincarnation to this mask between the contemporary experimental features and the traditional ones, looking for a helper in the loss of his homeland. The poet has creative power, so he employs the character that suites the modern needs.

ASaga is considered of the oldest types of poetry at the ancient nations, and of the richest world literature. And as we know contemporary Arabic literature is of the richest and the most well-known in the artof epic Literature and many of contemporary writers and poets were interested in epic poetry. Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi is considered one of the greatest epic poetry poets and among the most famous contemporarypoets. The study of epic poetry, which is one of the finest, and richest, and oldest arts literature is of a great importance. As we study the epic poetry, we see the story of championships and legends in it. To study the epic in the Diwan of Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi is of a great importance. And the epic "hell revolution" is of the best poetic epics in contemporary Arabic literature. Because it is an epic dealing with literary issues, as well as historical, religious, political, ethical, and mythical issues in the community. And it puts in front of the reader and listener a mythical model, and a fictitious or realistic hero. And it’s the epic that hasn’t got any attention, and from this viewpoint this article deals with its study.

ArThe novel is a kind of fiction which continued walking until it became a literary genre that leads to art and humanity. And Towfigh al Hakim’s novel "The deputy’s Diary in the countryside" is a depiction of the tragedy retained, since a long time, control of the Egyptian society, in general, and the Egyptian countryside, in particular, until the divine promise of victory has been accomplished, and we saw in the current era the eradication of injustice, by a new revolution sent the spirit of happiness and hope to the structure of that society. For this, I focused my efforts in this article on a brief study of this novel following the approach here under: I commenced this article by an introduction that states briefly the most important phases included inthis modern story, and a summary of the novel "Diary". After, I came to a brief explanation about the lives of "Towfigh al Hakim". Then I tried to deal with this topic studying its adaptability to the most important technical elements of short stories, namely: characters, events, time and place, and the narrative and dialogue, and I put thepoints on the letters in what it appeared to me that the author did not succeed in his report to do it; and finally I came to the conclusion taking a cursory glance at the most important results that I reached.

This article examines the number of Arabic dialects, reminding their majority in a comparative and a practical way. Then comes the words of Ibn Jinni in unusualness and usualness in the language and its four types and represents them as stated in Ibn Jinni’s books and specially their characteristics. Also shows that the purpose of reading the unusualness does not mean they are in unusual dialect. Thisway, it talks about Ibn Jinni’s attempts to derive a balance between the dialects to prefer one to some, either for a reason or not. And that this comparison may be inconsistent, and based on this, this study indicates that, we disagreed with Ibn Jinni in the subordination of dialects for assay, but we agree with him in this issue that this dialectis derived from that in the statement of poetry or prose or that on which the Holy Quran explained the opinion of modern linguistics in a possible effort.

Praise of the Prophet (PBUH) is one of the issues that poets were interested in it. Some of the Diaspora Christian poets Sang poems in praise of the Prophet (s) in the modern era, especially Elias Farahat,and called on Arabs to tolerance, brotherhood and unity. What are the ideas and motives that led to the praise of the Prophet? In fact, some of the Diaspora poets believe the unity of religions, and that’s why they glorify the Prophet and exalt him in their poem and prose. These poets make patriotism their religion and Arabism, its center. The religious tolerance in the poems of Elias Farhat,is considered a rejection of the intolerance and rigidity, and this is one of the salient elements in the literature of the Diaspora. Farhat glorifies the religion of Islam because this religion has made a significant effect in the unification of nations. As he prefers good work to the ordinances of religion, and sees that Islam is right, although he is a hristian rebel on ritual of the Christian religion.

If we take the concept of Expatriation in a broad sense, we find that it had accompanied man since ancient, ///And its guidelines has been clarified in the first instance through the binaries shown in character and subject, and thought and existence, as well as nature and spirit./// This is, in the fact of its essence, and that is not unless logical consequence of the previous equation that is called the "unity of thought and existence."/// If we come to the medieval world, well see that it is to take the religious character "indicating the theory of creation from the nothingness accompanied by the care"/// And the theory of creation out of nothing, is "an expression of absolute power."/// As "care" refers to superiority of human, and to distinguishman from all other creatures./// Hence arose a new bilateral that is "God and Science" the biggest share in the Islamic concept to a vast extent./// If we look for the dimensions of the experience of alienation with Nazok al Malaekat through her biography, and prose and poetry in an era more than a third of a century, we find that Nazok al Malaekat has gone through several types of alienations/// Each has its own nature and distinguished character, according to the technical phase that the poet was going through.

Irony in literature is an art that reflects the underlying pain and heals the hidden anguish that it wants to use to heal its grief and remove its anguish through its opposite. Hence, the pain felt by the writer or the poet and his inability to remove the causes of this pain is the motivation behind this Irony that the poet creates. However, the motivation to resort to this method varies from era to era. Since, the aim of irony in an era is individual and in another one, collective. The goal of a writer from the writing of this text is political and the other social, or the writer has other reasons. Hence, we can say that the Irony is a sort of satire, or promiscuity, or sarcasm, or humor, or anecdote, or esprit, or playfulness, or. .. but with some difference.