فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، ربیع 2015)

Ahmad Matar – Iraqi satirical poet – attempted to save the Arabic governments from imperialistic yoke who tried to arrogate nations’ freedom. His poetic language has sensible characteristics which the poet applies them in order to invite people to freedom and liberty. Norm breaking is one of his poetry’s features. The present article tries to survey the vocal norm breaking – including rhyme, rhythm, and phoneme norm breaking – in Ahmad Matar’s poetry in descriptive – analytic method by using contemporary critic and study the reasons of this kind norm which are: tendency to modernism, expressing the expectations and discomforts.

Most of the researches do not differentiate between intuitive critic and passive one – in the field of features, applications and methods. This critical school is called emotional or passive critics which emphasizes aesthetics. Thus sensitivity is not the only appliance to wisdom but is a mean to inspire happiness or unhappiness feeling. Consequently the passive (critical) school is the result of action and reaction between art and sensation. The most important feature is responding the reader’s dreams, feelings and emotions. The present article is to study the passive critical features in the Arabic Literature.

Literary texts critics in the contemporary era have had an outstanding development. Schools and critical approaches have been created in this regard such as structuralism, deconstruction or the attitudes which pay attention to reader’s reading. These attitudes do not belong to new text but belongs to the ancient ones as well. One of these schools was structuralism which its consequent was methodology. Methodology which derives from structuralism studies the general structure of text in different layers such as vocal, syntax and eloquence. The present paper shows an analysis from “navigator and mendicant” by Khalil Havi based on methodology layers. The results show that all the layers interpretation has contradicts but the poet could bring a harmony in the ode.

Ahmad Showqi is one of the outstanding contemporary poets and had such an important state among the poets who were called Poet Laureate. Quran played as a spring which he enjoyed it a lot for his poetry. By studying his poetry we come to conclusion that Holy Quran had a significant effect on Showqi’s poetry and he had used its vocabulary and semantics in all his poetry. Doomsday and its images are the examples of this application among his poetry.

Youssef Ismael – Iraqi great artist – is one of the nobles in playwriting either in writing or in criticism. Al – Aani has enjoyed Beresht’s theories and ideas while his idea were based on political requirements which was dominant in that era; he wanted to choose a frame for playwriting which considered all types of people of the society. The present article which is analytical – descriptive, studies the intertextual elements such as theme, characters, events and battles, time and place of the play.

Ilia Abu Mazi lived in twentieth century and in the imitation toward to innovation era. Although he did not have a deep philosophy in his poetry he outstripped Thomas Aquinas who lived in thirtieth century. This philosophy was one the most important ones in that era which the church had accepted it. Abu Mazi was completely pessimistic; although the life stream can destroy any thing in its way but the abovementioned poet could overcome it. The hometown was like a black paper which ignorance and cruelty could be seen everywhere. His pessimism was similar to Khayam’s and the present paper tries to study the similarities and differences of these two poets.