فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، ربیع 2016)

Many linguists emphasize the cohesion principle; while the text aesthetics and the cohesion between the elements is based on the cohesion principle and tools is possible. Some linguistics theories express useful facilities for literary texts analysis; one of these theories is Holliday and Hassans; in this theory the semantics, syntax and verbal relations are called "Cohesion". From this point of view the cohesion in the standard language depends on factors such as vocal, grammatical and lexical which each contains more detailed elements such as linking words, omission, reference and etc. The aim of the present paper is to study every element and factor in Iraqi poet – Saadi Yousef – poetry in descriptive – analytic method on three vocal, grammatical and lexical sections. The outcome of the article shows that there is cohesion between the rhythm and the content of the poetry and the rhythms play an important role in rhythmic structure as well as the semantics. The repetition technique in nouns, letters, verbs and phrases has a significant role in cohesion and the feelings expressions of the poet.

The Last Words of Spartacus" is the ode by Amal Donqol which has been versed for Jamal Abdol Naser's Referendum rejection. He had enjoyed the historical and mythical characters and connected the past to the present to depict his feelings and emotions artistically and this is the most important method of Amal Donqol's features. He is not interested in complex styles in his odes; while he believes the poet is responsible for making the reader understand and he has apply a language which is understandable to the reader and he accepts it easily.

Abdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separation, reality and dream in general. The present article follows up the aesthetics aspects in women description and studies his descriptions in this regard. All these descriptions and explanations gather in a romantic framework. He wanders in dreams; although lived in Palestine and was affected by the country's events his poetry is lovely with new aspects and his kindness to the hometown combines with his to the woman. A combination of affection and Palestinian combat can be seen in his poetry. The results of the present paper shows the poet expresses the care to beloved and the hometown simultaneously.

The literary works criticism in the contemporary era has had a significant development. Thus the critical schools and approaches such as structuralism, deconstruction and etc. were founded. These approaches were not unique in the new texts but they have been generalized to the ancient texts as well. One of these important schools were structuralism followed by methodology. Methodology studies the general structure of a text in different layers such as vocal, lingual, syntactic and semantics. The present paper tries to present an analysis of Al Bahhar and Al Darvish Ode based on methodology layers. The findings show that all levels of interpretations are at the poet's service; thus the poet could create a balance and harmony in the ode which are completely interrelated.

The place and character are important factors of a novel. In fact place is a framework in which the events happen and is divided into two types: open & close. The character is a dynamic element in novel progression; while plays an important role in formation, evolution and presentation of the place related events. The character itself divides into different types which the present paper focuses on dynamic and static. There is a relationship between these two elements in a way that the reader can be familiar with the character, social conditions and his psychologic manners. The present article studies Mohammad Dib's three works in descriptive – analytic method in order to show two element's relationship. One of the outcomes is that both close and open places can be seen in all three novels.

The present paper studies the introduction of Atlal in two Imra’ ul-Qais and Zuhayr bin Abī Sūlmā works of art. Selection of these two poets has some reasons; one of them is that each opposes the other; while Imra’ ul-Qais is a bon vivant man but Zuhayr is a God – fearing one. They both experience different conditions of life. The importance of this issue is their interactions with women which is their main motivation in Atlal creation. Finally we realize that both poets apply the adjectives which have harmony with Atlal and are suitable for that. Their spiritual, religious and characteristic features were effective on the lexicon they have applied.

Divan School played an important role in modernism and modernity which were comprehensive in the early twentieth century. By a brief look at the poetries and odes it is founded that the school was about to found a new plan which werent different from the classic poetry. One of the technical features is the simultaneous presence of English culture beside the Arabic. From their point of view the poetry is in the human nature and is inside his thoughts and manners in a way that it closes them to the romanticism poets. The main elements of this kind of poetry are emotion, thought, music and integrity; a routine attempt in content cohesion can be seen as well in a way that the attention to the structure has been lost. The criticism principles in their literary works is significant; it is remarkable to state that beside the similarities the noteworthy differences are outstanding in their approaches and views.