Optimization of conditions suitable for bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) regeneration

Common bean belongs to Fabaceae and the subfamily of Lotoideae. It is the most important species of the grain family with noticeable economic importance in human's nutrition. Regeneration from tissue culture is one of the most suitable and effective procedures for preservation and reproduction of the plants. In this investigation, induction of callus, shoot and root has been studied in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goli) under different concentrations of α-Naphthaleneacetic acid and Benzyl amino purine. First, the seeds were surface sterilized and transferred to suitable medium to achieve sterile seedlings. After 10 days, explants (hypocotyl, root and leaf) from sterile seedlings were tested in 25 various hormone treatments. For induction of organogenesis, explants were transferred to solid Morashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g/lit sucrose, B5 vitamins and different concentrations of α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/lit) and Benzyl amino purine (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/lit). Our data showed callus induction achieved in combination of two hormons: (0.4 mg/lit α-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 2 mg/lit Benzyl amino purine). Induction of shoot increased with increasing concentrations of Benzyl amino purine to 2 mg/lit and then decreased. Induction of roots increased with increasing α-Naphthaleneacetic acid concentrations. Furthermore, the level of internal auxin in common bean was high because the explants rooted in the minimum concentration of α-Naphthaleneacetic acid. Subsequently, complete seedlings were transferred to the soil for further investigations.