Ibn Hazm's Moral Thoughts

Ibn Hazm Al-Andulusi has innovative thoughts in ethics. He admits the division of virtues and vices into four virtues and vices. Although his division of virtues and vices and their definitions are apparently similar to those of other Muslim philosophers, they are, in fact, different. While admitting the theory that soul consists of three components, Ibn Hazm proposes a different division on the basis of the idea that virtues and vices are compound. Accordingly, he divides them into three groups-basic, secondary and specific-and believes that secondary virtues are composed of basic ones. This view of his paves the way for proposing a more coherent definition of secondary virtues. On the other hand, Ibn Hazm frequently uses such principles as the principle of benefit in his moral discussions. Although Ibn Hazm cannot be regarded a "utilitarian" thinker in the common use of the term, he puts great emphasis on the principle of benefit and profit. The principles of comfort and health are among other principles which are important in his moral system. This paper deals with his most important moral thoughts.