Survey of Amitraz Residue in Some Honey Samples by Microextraction Method and Optimization Using an Experimental Design

Amitraz is an insecticide and pesticide that, due to exceptionally strong parasiticide activities, is widely used for biological pollution monitoring. The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a liquid phase extraction technique with hollow fibers (HF-LPME) in order to determine amitraz residue in honey samples. Method of Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was used as simple, fast, low cost and sensitive method for determination of the amitraz from honey samples by gas chromatography flame ionization detection. Effects of five experimental factors: type of the extracting solvent, pH of the sample, stirring rate, extraction time and percent of NaCl were studied and optimized. Analysis of variance showed that percent of salt and stirring rate have major effect on the extraction of amitraz (p = 0.05). Method in honey matrix was linear in the range from 20 to 1000 ng/mL with RSD lower than 14% and r2> 0.9901. Enrichment factor was 75; also the limit of detection (LOD) based on S/N = 3 was 10 ng/mL. According to obtained high recovery (>90%) of Amitraz by applying HF-LPME method in honey samples, this method is suggested as simple, rapid and sensitive technique.