Experimental Model of negatively buoyant jets into cross flow

Nowadays application of negatively buoyant jet as a known remedy for dilution of brine generated at desalination plants and effluents from industrial units is quite common. The initial momentum of the jet together with the buoyant force induced due to the density difference between the jet and the ambient fluid entrain the ambient fluid into the jet and dilute the effluent. This paper focuses on the experimental study of negatively buoyant jets at low densimetric Froude numbers, namely values between 3.44 and 11.35 in a co-flow. Total 36 tests for discharge angles of 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 115 degree with respect to horizontal is performed under three jet to ambient flow velocities between 6.33 and 20.92. Variables include three length scales relating to the jet trajectory including maximum penetration depth, horizontal distance of the nozzle to the point of maximum penetration depth and the horizontal distance from nozzle to the impact point. Empirical equations are derived for the geometrical length scales in terms of the densimetric Froude number ,velocity ratios and discharge angle. The results are applicable to the design of submerged outfalls in shallow streams.