Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a nervous system disorder that often results in loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. There is no definite treatment for SCI. However, cell replacement therapy has shown the potential for the spinal cord repair in SCI animal models. Different types of stem cells, such as mesenchymal and neural stem cells, were utilized for cell therapy in SCI. Stem cells achieved through trophic and immunomodulatory factors. These cells can provide appropriate microenvironment for axon regeneration.
Stem cell therapy in SCI lead to reduce the acute inflammatory responses and improve the motor function. Cell therapy is a promising strategy in the treatment of SCI. However, clinical trials are needed to test the efficacy and safety of this treatment.