A Study on Evolution of Polo Stick in the Safavid and Seljuk Miniatures and Manuscripts

The Polo is an ancient game and sport belonging to Iran and despite its long history, there is only little written and recorded information about its principles, rules, equipment and clothes. Based on this question that how to be changed the polo stick in the Safavid and Seljuk miniatures and what is the basis of these evolutions, this paper has gathered the previous related research works using the library, documental and internet resources and in the next stage, it has selected the case studies gathering the old texts and illustrated pages related to the polo game and refining them in terms of the validity of documents and containing the date .Finally, after collecting data, the differences and similarities between them have been analyzed. According to the results of this research, based on the findings of the Safavid and Seljuk poets that have been studied ,456 cases of ''čawgān'' , 30 cases of ''sawlajān'' and 3 cases of "tabtāb"(Polo without horses) found and based on the finding of the Safavid and Seljuk miniatures that have been studied, four forms of polo mallet has been similar to curved cane= “á” ,“L”, curved “T” ,“V”form (with an open angle) found. Finally, it seems that In the Safavid era compared with the Seljuk era, there is an evolution in the quality of polo stick in the passage of time, based on the relationship with the west and developments of science and technology. Based on this research in terms of purpose is functional and in terms of method is descriptive-analytical using the library technique has been carried out.