فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 60 (تابستان 1402)

The purpose of this study was to theorize and designing a model of physical activity of Iranian women in leisure time at different stages of life. The research method was Grounded Theory, systematic approach. Sampling was also theoretical. Data analysis was performed through continuous "questioning" and "comparison". In order to achieve saturation while reviewing about 300 research articles, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 136 Iranian women aged 7-78 who were regularly participate in physical activity in addition to 17 mothers and 6 fathers. At the end of the open coding stage, 12 main categories were identified and physical activity was selected as the central category. At the end of the selective coding stage, a conceptual model for the whole life stages and a diagram of the amount of physical activity in different stages of life were designed. The main differences between the conditions of Iranian women for physical activity in different stages of life were also identified. Findings showed that mother in childhood, father in adolescence, personal motivations in adolescence, fear in middle age and children in aging stage are the most important drivers of Iranian women to do physical activity. It was also found that the level of physical activity of Iranian women in different stages of life fluctuates for various reasons, so that at the end of childhood is at its highest and at the time of "reproduction and child care" and "old age" is at its lowest.

The research is to design an organizational dynamics model for the Ministry of Sport and Youth. This research had a qualitative approach, which was carried out using data foundation theory. The statistical population included professors of sports management and managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, which were sampled purposefully, using the snowball method. The data reached theoretical saturation after 14 interviews. To analyze the data, the coding method was used in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. The number of open codes was 382 and the core codes were 40, which included causal conditions (human resources, growth areas, management style, organizational culture, technology, acceptance of change, competitiveness, organizational policies, strategy, structure and flexibility) Underlying conditions (self-actualization, brainstorming, rapid change, competence, evaluation and control, collaboration, communication and creativity), intervening conditions (leadership style, poor human resources, rejection of change, dynamic complexity, high speed of change, poor response and lack of Flexibility), strategies (employing creative managers, continuous training, new leadership styles, flat structures, new ideas and new technologies) and consequences (organizational productivity, organizational performance, quick response, flexibility, organizational agility, taking advantage of new opportunities, Survival in the competition arena and customer orientation).
Therefore, the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations are advised to use the proposed model derived from the research, in order to develop dynamism in their organizations to respond faster and adapt to new rules and conditions, creatively and discover innovative processes and achieve the desired goals of the organization.

The study is to design a succession model based on the competence of sports managers. It was conducted with a qualitative approach. The statistical population in the qualitative part included the experts in the field of sports management that in-depth interviews with purposive sampling method continued until the researcher reached theoretical saturation and adequacy (16 interviews). This research was conducted with an exploratory nature and with the aim of expanding the existing knowledge and understanding in relation to the succession breeding model based on the competence of sports managers. Hence it falls into the category of fundamental research. This research was also based on data search, having a combined or mixed nature for data analysis. Three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used. These analyzes were performed with the help of Maxqda software.
The analysis of the findings showed that competencies and their levels are a function of three levels: individual, organizational and strategic. Competency-based succession also includes effective program implementation, programming, talent management, organizational needs identification, promotion path, training, process evaluation, organizational support, and foresight. Finally, it was found that personal development, organizational growth and organizational readiness are the consequences of the succession program model. The findings showed that out of the total set of requirements, the categories of talent management, planning, identification of organizational needs, process evaluation and organizational support are of an impact on the success of competing sports managers based on competence.

The present study was conducted to meta-analyze the factors and obstacles affecting the privatization of sports in Iran. The research method was descriptive and meta-analysis. The statistical population included all published papers in the period of the last decade from 2011 to 2020. From the reported researches, 15 papers were selected by counting method as the research sample. Data analysis was performed using CMA2 and SPSS24 software. The results of meta-analysis showed that the size of the combined effect with the random effects model for privatization barriers is 0.295 and for factors affecting privatization is 0.726, both values are significant at the level of 0.01 and according to Cohen's classification, respectively The effects are small and large. Cochran and Chi-square test results showed high heterogeneity in the studies. Also, the study of diffusion bias error including funnel diagram and Rosenthal's Fail-safe N test showed no diffusion bias in studies. Among the factors, the managerial variable with an effect size of 0.802 and among the obstacles, the economic variable with an effect size of 0.438 had the greatest impact on the privatization of sports in the country. Since the issue of privatization is a very complex and multifaceted issue, the use of strong and experienced sports-economic consultants can provide the grounds for the privatization of the country's sports. To speed up the privatization process, setting up clear guidelines and regulations related to the implementation of sports privatization policies can be very effective and useful.

Sports coaches have an important role to play in caring for, protecting and educating athletes about sports competitions and following the proper rules for healthy competition among athletes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the legal liability of sports coaches based on the rules of the International Court of Arbitration for Sport. This research is of review type and in terms of data collection is of library type. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. The research findings show that this arbitration authority is one of the quasi-judicial institutions at the international level, whose task is to resolve sports cases, including the legal issues of sports coaches. Due to the importance of taking care of athletes 'physical and mental health, preventing injuries to athletes, examining the principle of fitness in athletes' competition and their adequate preparation in sports competitions, the legal responsibility of sports coaches is one of the important issues in sports law and the goals of the International Court of Justice. Judging is sports. This legal entity uses mechanisms such as mediation to investigate the legal problems related to sports coaches.

Global developments in the field of sports, increasing public awareness and the complexities of implementing various sports programs have created a competitive, dynamic and highly variable environment within sports organizations. The results of research in sports organizations show a lack of qualified personnel. Therefore, the overall purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate a model of succession in general departments of sports and youth with emphasis on the Delphi method. The research was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of implementation method. The statistical population in the first part includes existing and available research in reputable scientific databases such as Human Kinetics, Emeral, Scupos in the field of succession breeding as well as sixteen human resources specialists in sports and in the second part, managers and experts in General Departments of Sports and Youth of Isfahan province that the sampling was done by purposeful method. The factors influencing the design of succession model were identified and in the next step, the data were analyzed using the written views of experts and academic elites. These measures were taken in the form of steps: Step one; Data were collected in the form of expert discussions of the research group in relation to succession breeding by academic and sports experts. Step two; By distributing the researcher-made questionnaire among the statistical population and using the structural model method, the relationship path analysis and prioritization of dimensions and components were shown.
The results showed that in the succession breeding model, respectively, the dimensions of growth and excellence of successors and candidates, program monitoring and capabilities evaluation, strategic communication and networking, strategic alignment and analysis of talent identification needs and identification of strategic capabilities directly on succession breeding. The General Directorate of Sports and Youth is influential. Sports managers should provide the necessary conditions for succession through measures such as planning in the recruitment and selection stages, training and improvement, correcting undesirable and unnecessary behaviors, and managing talents.

Human resources and their potential is the key to an organization's success. Considering this important principle, the study is to investigate the effect of supervisory governance on human resource development with the mediating role of political behavior of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of the study is descriptive-correlation of structural equations, based on the present time, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population included all employees working in the sports and youth departments of Iran- according to the statistics announced by the administrative affairs, is 830 people (569 men and 321 women). The statistical sample according to Morgan table is 263 people from the statistical population, who were randomly selected from the simple type. Male and female sampling is randomly selected from the relative class type, which identified 161 males and 102 females. The measurement tools were three questionnaires: Safari (2020), “Youth Political Behavior” (2016) and “Human Resource Development” Tazfir, Brock and Doland (2004).
The results of structural equations showed that regulatory governance is of effect on human resource development, but the variable of political behavior does not play a mediating role in this regard. Therefore, considering the impact of the dimensions of supervisory governance, ie organizational independence, supervisory culture, regulatory transparency and integrated financial policy on human resource development of this ministry, senior managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth need to strengthen human resource development by considering these dimensions.

The study is to design a model for the impact of human resources activities on job performance of selected sport organization‘s teleworkers. It was a post-positivism, quantitative, descriptive survey. The hypothesis were casual. The statistical population consisted of teleworkers of youth affairs and sport ministry and its related organization and agents. For sampling, the simple random sampling method was used. Minimum sample size by Cochran formula was determined 280 which 225 of them were relapsed and at the end, 210 questioner were analyzed by preprocessing. To collect the data, “Demographic Information”, “Human Resources Activities Related to Teleworking in Organization” and Hery Goldsmith’s “Job Performance” questioners were used. The face and content validity of questioners were confirmed by sport management professors. The reliability of human resources activities and job performance questioners were respectively %84 and%88 by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
The findings showed human resources activities related to teleworking were of a positive significant effect on job teleworker's job performance of youth affairs and sport ministry and its related organization and institution. As well as teleworker's job profile, performance appraisal, recruit, and training had a high contribution on human resource activities. Teleworker’s training and performance appraisal were of a moderate contribution on prediction of job performance behavior.  Recruit and human resources activities’ characteristics had high role in prediction of job performance behavior. Service compulsory of teleworkers and job profile were of a very poor contribution on prediction of job performance behavior. Finally, GOF=40/7 represented good and desirable fitness.

The implementation of the principles of sustainable development in sport has been emphasized by the International Olympic Committee. The purpose of this study was to identify and optimize the indices and components affecting organizational behavior in tennis. This research is a descriptive-survey research that used to design basic conceptual model and determine three main dimensions (managerial/ social, cultural/ environmental, health) and 13 components (purpose) to determine the validity and reliability of the model and its fit. The initial model of the research was tested and tested using SEM using Smart PLS2 software. The model was then fitted at three levels: the fitting of the measurement model, the fitting of the structural model, and the general fitting of the model (GOF). The results showed that "social / cultural dimension" (path coefficient = 0.645) had the highest effect on the desired pattern. Then, "approach / management dimension" (path coefficient = 0.558) and finally "environmental dimension / health" (path coefficient = 0.554) affect the sustainable development of sport in the country.R2 value(0.989) indicates pattern confirmation. Both indices in all three constructs were positive and greater than zero (common = 0.6785) and redundancy (0.432) resulting in overall fit of measurement model (good quality of measurement model) and structural model (high ability of structural model in predicting).The overall fit of the model was 0.6987, indicating a strong fit to the overall model.The model presented for the principles of sustainable sport development is based on the Agenda 21 of the Olympic Movement and the Rio Declaration.

The study is to present a comprehensive model for the popularization of sports in Isfahan, for which the first (qualitative) purpose was referred to experts in the physical activity of sport for all in the province and through in-depth interviews based on grounded theory of data collection from them. Then, the data obtained from fifteen interviews were coded and analyzed using the data theorizing method of the Foundation. This study was of a combined method of mixed exploratory research projects. Due to the quality of the study; the snowball sampling method was used. A total of 15 public sports experts in the province were interviewed. The statistical population and sample size in the second phase were 135 based on Morgan's table and the sampling method was stratified randomly. The data collection tool in the second phase was a 70-item questionnaire, which was prepared based on the public sports model of Isfahan province in the first phase. A total of 140 open-source codes were obtained from the analysis. The 140 extracted codes were converted into 64 core codes. In the third step, in grouping the codes, the core codes extracted from the interviews were grouped and then the created groups were compared with each other to identify and extract the main groups and dimensions of each one. In general aggregation of three levels, behavioral, organizational and environmental, and 16 components of the main level subset, 64 code-axis subset components were extracted. At the level of behavioral factors, the priorities of the components were: 1- General factors 2- Personal factors 3- Basic factors. At the contextual (environmental) level, the priorities of the components were: 1- Collective environment 2- Economic environment 3- Diplomatic environment 4- Living environment 5- Environment cross-border 6- Cultural environment. At the level of structural (managerial) factors, priority of components respectively was: 1- Equipment of the minister of structures 2- Rules and instructions 3- Human capital and financial support jointly 4- Technical knowledge 5- Supporters.
At the end, the suggestions taken from the research results are presented as solutions to improve the situation of sport for all in Isfahan province.

The research is to design a plan and strategic map of the Motorcycling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the ISM approach. The research method was descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. The data collection was done in the field and in a mixed manner (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part was 15 experts and in the quantitative part included the officials of the Automobile and Motorcycling Federation and the managers of the affiliated delegations in the provinces (150 people). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and a form of structural self-interaction. Swot method was used to formulate the strategies of this federation and interpretive structural modeling technique was used to structure the strategies.
 The findings showed that there were 13 strengths, 17 weaknesses, 13 opportunities and 16 threats in the Automobile and Motorcycling Federation and 17 strategies were proposed for the development of this federation. Also, based on the findings in the interpretive structural modeling section, the strategies were divided into five levels. Models (fourth and fifth levels) were analyzed.
 It can be said that the focus of the officials on the central program and creating or strengthening the legal environment along with moving in the direction of knowledge-based sports, the realization of other designed strategies and the development of motorsport and motorcycling.

The study is to design a model of cultural development in professional football clubs in Iran. This research is of grounded theory type and also of applied type. Spatially, the scope of the study included all professional football league clubs across the country, and interviewees were interviewed on a voluntary basis. Purposeful sampling was performed with maximum variety and snowball technique, which numbered 25 people. The process of data analysis based on the Strauss-Corbin model has been performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, and finally the final research model is presented by combining the codes. After analyzing the content of the qualitative analysis of the interviews, the available data were extracted in various forms using MAXQDA12 software and displayed in tables and graphs.
 The data were finally classified into 35 categories and 201 concepts in 7 main categories. It seems that the title “cultural” at the beginning of the name of professional football clubs in our country has not been implemented in practice to a large extent, and it is necessary to eliminate the problems and shortcomings and cultural shortcomings in the clubs. This field should be provided for Iranian football clubs, so that the cultural level of the clubs is at least upgraded to its technical level and shows a worthy and dignified culture of Islam and Iran in the region and the world, and its other blessings are the income of the culture.

Today, the exciting arena of watching football matches in multi-ethnic communities such as Iran has become an arena for showing and expressing ethnic identities. Accordingly, the study is to represent the dimensions of ethnic identity among football spectators by thematic analysis. The population included fans of three textile teams: Mazandaran, Khuzestan Steel and Tabriz Tractor, from three ethnic groups: Mazani, Turk and Arab. The sampling method was purposive that 28 in-depth interviews were conducted until reaching the theoretical saturation stage, 17 of which were coded and analyzed using Nvivo8 software.
The findings from the three-stage coding of qualitative data showed that spectators while watching the game in sports stadiums represent their ethnic identity through two components, each of which has its own dimensions.These two components are: 1) ethnicity through mental mediation (culture, history, racism, religion, symbolic attributes) and 2) ethnicity through objective mediation (land, music, diet, myths and celebrities, population rate, Symbolic cover, language, race).
 Therefore, it can be said that watching football matches has the potential to represent ethnic identity for spectators, which leads to the adoption of strategic policies to strengthen national identity in order to reduce tensions, taking into account differences based on ethnic identity.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the promotion of the general culture of sports venues in Tehran province (with the approach of women's presence in sports stadiums). The research was a series of consecutive explorations according to the data collection method. Qualitative data collection tools, semi-structured interviews with 23 professors of sports management and sports sociologists with expertise on the subject of research, experts and senior managers of sports federations, managers of stadiums and sports venues, policy makers and He was a member of the media. They were selected by purposive sampling method and snowball method. In the qualitative stage, the data have been analyzed through the coding method in three stages: open, axial and selective. Findings included 62 symbols in open coding, in axial coding in 8 concepts. Research tool in the quantitative stage of research, a researcher-made questionnaire was created. Its content validity has been confirmed by sports management professors and sports sociologists and its reliability has been calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and reported (α = 0.812). Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 and PLS-Smart software. The findings showed; Education, planning, organization, control and political system, legal system, cultural system and religious system have a fundamental role in promoting the general culture of sports venues and stadiums in Tehran. According to the findings, in order to promote the general culture of sports venues, sports managers need to identify the potential in these areas and implement practical strategies.

The purpose of this research was to design a green management model for sports Facilities with emphasis on sustainable development with an exploratory-fundamental nature.The research method was a qualitative based on the base data theory with Strauss and Corbin’s approach.The statistical population consisted of professors and experts in the field of sport Facilities. Sampling was done through Snowball method.The research instrument was an in-depth and semi-structured interview that was design by 22 experts’ opinions in this field.The output of the research was a paradigmatic model of green management of sports Facilities with emphasis on sustainable development that was consisting of causal, pivotal, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. In the first phase of coding i.e. the open coding, legal management concepts, professional ethics, financial economic, technological equipment, cognitive knowledge, human communication, technical, engineering and environmental were obtained. Also, in the second stage of coding, axial coding was identified with the central category of green management of sports Facilities and sub-levels such as individual, managerial and professional. Finally, the implementation of effective green management strategies at three levels: micro, medium and macro leads to increased health, life expectancy and quality of life of athletes along with gaining international prestige for the country's sports and the development of professional ethics, culture Green management and sports infrastructure will be achieved by increasing the per capita and knowledge of building modern technologies and equipment of sports facilities and finally preserving national capitals, natural resources and meeting the needs of the next generation in the country.

The study is to investigate financial sustainability strategies in professional sports in Iran. It was a descriptive analysis that conducted in the field. The statistical population included experts in the field of economic and financial issues in sports who were of a scientific, professional or both background in economics in sports. Based on the selection of snowballs, 13 people were identified as the sample. In order to design the framework of the research concept, three-pronged theory was used. The questionnaire included a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire was designed as a strategy matrix in three branches based on TOPSIS method. The face validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by examining the opinions of experts and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha calculation. In order to select the best strategy for financial sustainability in professional sports in Iran, the TOPSIS method was used. The whole process of data analysis was performed using BT TopSis SoLver software. The results identified 14 strategies as financial sustainability strategies in professional sports in Iran.
According to the results of TOPSIS method, it was determined that the establishment of an integrated system of registration and payment of players in professional sports in the country with a coefficient of 0/73 was identified as the most appropriate strategy. These results can be considered and exploited in the development of financial stability and economic conditions in professional sports in Iran.

The study is to identify the factors affecting tax policy in Iranian professional football. It is one of the mixed researches that was performed qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population in the qualitative section included all the elites in the field of sports management in the country and in the field of economics and taxation in sports. Based on the selection of snowballs, a number of theoretical saturations were identified as the research sample. Also, in the quantitative part of the present study, in addition to the elites of the country's sports management and the field of economics and taxation in sports, some experts of the Tax Affairs Organization and some experts of the Iranian Football Federation were added to the statistical community. After initial estimates, their number included 150 people. The data collection tools included a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to evaluate the research findings, open, axial and selective coding in the qualitative part as well as sign test and structural equation test in the quantitative part were used. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and PLS software.
The results showed that the causal conditions affecting the development of tax policies in Iranian professional football, including legal aspects, managerial aspects, regulatory aspects, human aspects, databases, cultural characteristics, financial status, organizational support and technical infrastructure. Finally, it can be said that the model of the study was of a good fit.

Resistance economics has become an important issue in the blind today that the role of human resource productivity in its realization is undeniable. Manpower productivity is also influenced by many factors.The study is to investigate the effect of attitudinal charecteristics of productive employees on resistance economics on Sports and Youth Departments of South Khorasan Province. It was an applied research using a survey method. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and professors in the relevant subject area and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0/86.
The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the characteristics of creativity with all subscales of resistance economics (innovation, knowledge creation and transfer, flexibility, consumption management, jihadist performance and support for national production). The results showed that the impiementation of resistance economics can be explained and predicted by creativity and a positive attitude.

This qualitative research aims to formulate a model for sustainable development of mountaineering in the country using systematic grounded theory. For this purpose, an open interview with 18 professors of sports management and mountaineering experts with experience and history of long ascents, a collection of basic themes recycled during the coding process, from which categories were extracted. In the caxial coding phase, the relations among these categories were determined in the form of coding paradigm as below: mountain nature management and strengthening of social values, axial phenomenon: environmental, economic and socio-cultural sustainability, strategy factors include: training, teamwork, experience sharing, environmental attitude and cost management, background factors include: education, respect for nature, cooperation, commitment and responsibility, interfering conditions, including: tolerating the opinions of others, respecting the customs of the natives and observing the principles and rules of mountaineering, and consequences, including: preservation of nature and indigenous culture, employment were determined in the form of coding paradigm. Then and in selective coding phase, all the components of coding paradigm were described and the theory was formulated and presented. Considering the category of sustainable development and mountaineering, which has gained a lot of fans at the moment, and this increase in approach will have different consequences, Therefore, the mountaineering federation and the mountaineering delegations of the provinces should have a review and a well-planned plan for the scientific management of this socio-sports activity.

The study is to identify the factors affecting the productivity of the international cycling tour Iran-Azerbaijan based on self-management and profitability systems. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. The statistical population included all experts in the field of sports management and productivity who participated in the research using purposive sampling method of 12 experts. To analyze the interviews, three processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used. The analysis were performed with the help of Maxqda software. The findings were extracted based on the results of pivotal coding, 12 pivotal codes to software codes: capital attraction, productivity management, emotional, efficiency, behavioral, human capital, financial structure, economic growth, hardware, performance and effectiveness.
According to the obtained results, it can be said that in order to provide the mechanism for the implementation of a cycling event, 1) self-management indicators, 2) profitability indicators and 3) productivity indicators should be considered. Given these cases, a bright future can be imagined for cycling events, especially the international cycling tour of Iran- Azerbaijan.

The study is to assess the desirability of using green advertising based on indigenous values ​​in the management of sports venues and to determine the methods of using this advertising. It was in the category of applied and survey-descriptive researches. The statistical population included the managers of indoor sports venues in Yazd (600 people). Based on Morgan table, 234 managers were selected by simple random sampling as the statistical samples. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using structural equations and its reliability was confirmed using Cornbrash’s alpha. SPSS V26 and Smart PLS 3 soft wares were used for data analysis.
The results showed that the reduction of noise pollution based on indigenous values, increasing green space based on indigenous values, garbage disposal based on indigenous values ​​and energy saving based on indigenous values ​​are the factors affecting the green advertising methods. Of these 4 factors, the most attention is related to the index of “construction waste and rubbish” (with an average of 3/06) and the least attention is related to the index of “increase of green space” (with an average of 2/18), which is in the fourth place.
Therefore, the use of methods to portray the responsibility of increasing green space based on moral, national and historical values ​​and values ​​of modern life in the management of sports venues to achieve sustainable development can be seen.

Social media marketing involves an effort that social media use it in order to convince consumers for use the valuable products and/ or services. The research is to identify the effective factors on development of sport marketing capability through social Medias. The research method was correlation and practical purposely. The statistical population was 200 people, including faculty members of the country’s universities (51) and sport managers (34) and experts (74) and members of the board of directors of sports federations and experts (9) and people aware about sports marketing affairs and discussions (32). The sampling method is non-random and targeted accessible. Researcher while reviewing sports marketing books and scientific articles in the field of sport industry and sport marketing and social media prepared a researcher questionnaire. The questionnaire factors were extracted from the article of Alaa Allah, Nripendra etal. (2017). The validity was confirmed by ten sport management professors. The reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha test. The statistical method was used in structural equations modeling research (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings showed that advertising (T=10/546) agents, electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) (T=9/523), customer relationship management (T=9/313) and brand (T=10/372) and customer behavior and anticipation (T=9/678) in sports marketing through social media are of a positive and significant impact on the development of sports marketing capability. It seems sport organization and federations need to talk about self-sufficiency and more monetizing in order to development of their marketing capability by new technology.

The study is to develop a model for sport for all development based on social marketing approach. So, the methodology of “Grounded Theory” was used. The statistical population was the senior managers, authorities and experts that based on theoretical sampling, 14 interviews and 11 documents were selected. At the same time, the data was analyzed by the three stages of open, axial and selective coding.
Based on the results of the analysis, the model of developing sport for all based on the social marketing approach was developed. The social marketing strategy for the development of sport for all consists of five main stages of policy making, stakeholder analysis, marketing mix design, social marketing plan design, and implementation and evaluation. Also, factors such as demographic characteristics, cultural and social conditions, sports characteristics and physical environment also affect these strategies. “SPORT FOR ALL, INTEREST FOR ALL” was chosen as a core idea. With the development of sport for all in the country, it would be possible to expect economic and social benefits and profits, promoting the level of public health and setting champion sport up.

The study is to provide a framework for addressing the habits of buying Iranian sports goods. The research method was of qualitative type with systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included human and information society. A statistical sample of sufficient numbers based on theoretical saturation was purposefully and available for sampling and survey (16 people and 23 documents). The research tools included a systematic library study and a semi-structured interview. Tool validity was assessed using optimal qualitative validation methods (content validity, kappa coefficient). The conceptual coding and framing method was used to analyze the findings.
The results showed that analytical framework presented includes three levels: contextual, process, and consequential. It is at the level of social, cultural, economic, political and legal environments. Also at the process level are the dimensions of location, competitors, sales system, consumption behavior and shopping pattern. Finally, at the level of consequence, the habits of shopping are fun, electronic, quality-oriented, wholesale and traditional. In general, according to the results of the research, it can be said that in order to institutionalize the habit of buying domestic sports goods, the factors used in this research should be considered as a model for their decision-making.

Nowadays, globalization has doubled the importance of competitiveness in the sportswear industry. Many Iranian sportswear brands are not active in international trade because of their inability to compete with foreign brands. Therefore, this research aims to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the competitiveness of Iranian sportswear brands to enter international markets. This study used a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) research design. The statistical population consisted of academics and experts active in sportswear exports. The sample included fifteen people from the first group selected by the snowball sampling method and fifteen people from the second group chosen by the purposive sampling approach. Effective factors were identified by a field study, and the conceptual model was presented after the factors were confirmed in the second round of the Delphi technique. Then, the factors were prioritized using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) as (1) exports, (2) brand differentiation, (3) brand equity, (4) marketing orientation, and (5) strategic orientation, respectively.The results indicated that exchange rate regulation and inflation control by the government, along with producing exclusive products and creating emotional relations between the brand and customers, increases the firm’s competitiveness. Brand owners should also pay particular attention to competitors’ activities and incorporate product competitiveness enhancement into their organizational goals.

In the last few decades, the level of education of Iranian girls has increased significantly.  Today, more than 60% of students are girls. The study is to investigate the relationship between education level and marriage possibility of Iranian 25- 40 year old girls. The research method was secondary analysis of the crude data of 2% of the censuses at 2006, 2011 and 2016 years.
The results showed that institutional effects and attendance at educational centers were of a significant effect on decreasing the possibility of girls' marriage. Also, there was a non-linear relationship between education level and possibility in marriage. This result is a confirmation of Broderl and Dickman's theory that discuss education is of a positive effect on intermediate level and a negative effect on low and high levels on women's marriage possibility. The results indicated that the adoption and implementation of family-oriented policies and programs, especially in universities can reduce the institutional effects and human capital effect of education on decreasing the possibility of girls' marriage

The research is to study the factors affecting family empowerment of vulnerable young women in Tehran in 2016. This qualitative research was based on the grounded theory approach. The statistical population was the vulnerable women of Tehran who voluntarily participated in the main projects of Tehran Municipality in order to improve the living conditions and enhance the capabilities of vulnerable people, among them 59 people were selected as the final sample based on the theoretical sampling method. A semi-structured in-depth interview was used to collect the data. The validity of the interview was checked and confirmed based on reliability, dependability, confirm ability, and transferability, and its reliability was found to be 0/74 based on retesting. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding were used.
Based on the results of the analysis of the qualitative data obtained from the interview, the presentation of a paradigmatic model in the form of 6 dimensions, including causal factors (3 categories), main phenomenon (1 category), strategy (3 categories), background characteristics (2 categories), intervening conditions (4 category) and consequence (4 categories). Causal conditions include (communication skills, family support network, access to counseling services); contextual conditions (living experience and complementary experiences); Intervening conditions (education, exposure to domestic violence, marital discord, pattern of power relations in the family); strategies (change in lifestyle, participation in decision-making processes and balancing the power structure of the family) and consequences including (success in solving marital disputes, actualizing the educational and socializing potential of the family, revitalizing the emotional-psychological functions of the family environment and improving the ability to manage and take care of the family).
Therefore, managers and officials can use the presented model to increase and improve the empowerment of young women.

The study is to design a diversity-based human resource management model in order to benefit from the talents of elite youth for Iranian governmental organizations. This research was of a qualitative approach and the content analysis method and Glaser approach were used as the research method. The method of data collection was study of theoretical foundations and in-depth and open interviews with 20 people, including all experts in the field of human resources in 4 governmental agencies of the General Directorate of Taxation (Mining Organization), Ministry of Interior (Regulatory Organization), Ministry of Guidance (Symbolic Organization) and the general offices of Bank Melli (Distribution Organization) which were identified as a statistical sample based on the purposeful selection of 20 people (5 people from each organization). All 20 people in question announced their readiness to participate in the research. The validity and reliability of the obtained codes were confirmed. For data analysis, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding using Maxi Code Pro software. The data analysis showed that 36 concepts and 4 categories (core code) are among the components affecting diversity-based human resource management in order to benefit from the talents of elite youth for Iranian governmental organizations. These components include individual characteristics (in the center of the model), job characteristics, organizational characteristics, and finally, in the outermost part of the model, the characteristics of managers. This means that managers of governmental organizations are very important in human resource management in order to benefit from the talents of elite youth for governmental organizations.

One of the issues of youth in Iranian society is drug use. Drug use is influenced by various factors (environmental and individual). The study is to develop a hard and soft drug use model based on Bandura's cognitive-social learning theory and individual and environmental factors (locus of control, academic procrastination, and academic burnout, positive attitude to materials, family monitoring, family conflict, family consumption, peers and local) among students in city of Tehran. It is a correlation scheme based on SEM method specifically regression equations. The sample size was 460 (54 female, 406 male).
The findings showed that the research model was generally fit for fitting and 9 variables had predictive power and explanation (R2= 0/44) of the light drug use variable (R2= 0/64) of the heavy drug use variable. The validity of the tests was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In general, the questionnaires have a high validity and high credibility. According to the results of the analysis, negative family variables, family conflicts, substance use in the family, negative role of the neighborhood and deviant peers through the mediation of the external locus of control, academic procrastination, academic burnout, positive attitude to the materials have a significant indirect effect on the consumption of light materials And heavy. In direct effect analysis of variables, negative family variables, family conflicts, substance use in the family, negative neighborhood role, deviant peers, and external locus of control, academic procrastination, academic burnout and positive attitude toward materials have a direct effect on light and heavy materials use.

Alcoholic beverages are among the most consumed drugs in the world. Today, the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the tendency towards them has become a problem in different societies, especially in Iran and we are witnessing a decrease in the age of consumption among different strata of society, especially teenagers and young people. The present research is to investigate the causes of alcohol consumption among 18-29 year old people in Kerman city. The research method was a survey and a questionnaire. The sample size was determined based on the sampling error at the 95% confidence level with a sampling error of 0/05%. So, 400 people were considered as a sample. The random sampling method was used to select the samples. SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.The findings showed that the average age of the first consumption of alcoholic beverages was 17 years. The variables of differential connection, dependence, commitment, belief, family control and supervision pattern and easy and cheap access were of a significant relationship with the tendency to consume alcoholic beverages.