The Analysis of Type and Level of Physical Factor's Impacts on the Quality of Life in Bojnoord Urban Fabric

Quality of urban life is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries that have multiple components of social, environmental and economic. Because of its role, attention to this indicator in cities as an efficient tool for urban management and planning and generally livability of city is increased during recent decades. In cities
across the country, deteriorated areas including urban areas are development in physical and socio- economic prosperity of the rest of the city does not match and level of quality of life in them because of depreciation is drastically decreased. Overall, we can say that the concept of “urban life quality” or “quality of living environment” were considered to
promote the development and evolution of the concept of sustainable urban development and spend a little and economic development. Moreover, the issue of improving the quality of life and the urban environment was an emerging trend in the early 1960s, because the world was faced with problems of one-dimensional growth and development. Various variables in terms of type and level of effectiveness had been influenced on creating a physical gap in urban fabric. The physical variables as the most visible and obvious variables, in some cases have been both a cause and a consequence of structural changes in socio-economic and political factors. In this research, which aimed at analyzing and determining the impact of physical factors on the level of quality of life, we focused on Bojnoord ancient urban fabric, which is discussed in those two fields. During this study, library and field survey (in the form of questionnaires and interviews) are used for collecting data while statistical tools and suitable software are used to analyze the findings. Therefore, the selected criteria for assessing the quality of the Paye Toop neighborhood of Bojnourd, as an old and deteriorated city center, are based on theoretical findings. The results presented the target announced range and explained the selection of variables
influencing quality measurement. In order to determine the impact of physical factors on the quality of residential environment, according to literature and the factors, qualitative indicators are used. Paye Toop neighborhood is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Bojnurd which is the business core and the Bojnourd’s development main core. Urban fabric compression neighborhood consists of narrow streets and impermeable with the composition and compressed residential buildings. That’s why the urban open spaces cannot be seen in the neighborhood. The Construction Model of residential units has north - south orientation and the use of building materials such as adobe, plaster, clay, limestone and wooden beams along with the south axis oriented, use in opposition to cold weather conditions in this region in order to access more comfort. On the bases of the theoretical framework, five major land uses include: residential, commercial, educational, cultural, religious, and green space (including leisure and tourism) have been studied to measure the factors, neighborhood amenities and services. In the analysis of network access methods and mathematical space syntax is used as well. Based on theoretical findings, major physical parameters including (land use, structural density, quality construction, network access quality) are classified. Moreover, the dependency of their own qualitative indicators including (network access road quality, safety and passages quality, fabric quality access to services, the neighborhood face quality and buildings quality), were analyzed using the multivariate regression test. Finally, in order to identify type and impact of each variable and their directly and indirectly affects on the quality of the life environment, the cycles of cause and effect based on the dynamics of thinking were used. A high level of integration passages neighborhood of purpose and low coefficient of satisfaction in neighborhood of basic services to its population, indicate that this neighborhood suffers from the integrated spatial structure caused by traffic jams due to the lack of effective permeability. The results show that structure of the access network and building density level have had the largest score of explained variance in the dependent variable. Also, the quality of construction variables and structural density are effective beside these two variables relating to level of the quality of living in the target neighborhood directly and without intermediaries.