Reviewing the Intellectual Trends Effective on Syria at the Age of Ayubids up to the End of Mamalik

The strategic areas like Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Palestine during the significant historical era of Ayubids up to the end of Mamalik have been observant of the most important events of the political history such as constant crusade wars and Mongolian assault. These military and political happenings along with the cultural and social situations of this era provided the development of various intellectual trends among the Sunnites and Shiites of this region.
Reviewing these intellectual trends can be valuable in regard with the identification of historical origins of the present intellectual and political events in this part of the Islamic world.
Relying on descriptive-analytical approach, the present article is to answer the question related to the identification of effective intellectual trends as the historical heritage in this area following the investigation of cultural and social conditions of this area during Ayubids and Mamalik era.
The findings of research illustrates that it can be referred to the development of Sufism and some deviated Shiite and Sunnite trends as well as revealing prejudice in dealing with the great thinkers.