Identifying solutions to preventing organizational silence from a perspective of nahj Al- Balagha teachings

Organizational silence is meaning employee’s refusal to express their ideas and to participate actively and effectively in solving organizational problems which can be resulted in destructive and negative effect on employee performance and reducing productivity. Therefore, the organization needs to adopt appropriate strategies and take effective actions to prevent it. The purpose of this paper is to employ appropriate approaches to prevent organizational silence according to the teachings of Nahjul Balagha. For this purpose, at first, the roots of formation of silence in the organization were extracted from the literature. Based on the results of this phase, three items of poor management, negative beliefs of employees towards superiors and ultimately disruption to organizational interaction were identified as major factors and the components of each were extracted. Then, the letter 53 of Hazrat Ali to Malek in Nahjul Balagha was analyzed and thematic analysis of the type of template themes was used underlying the main research question in this way: "What lessons are effective in prevention of organizational silence?". As a result of this step, the relevant teachings were derived in the form of 45 Codes 3 main themes. Then, in order to identify the most effective lessons, 45 lessons were reduced to 25 lessons by employing the expert’s opinions and applied statistical analysis binomial test. Finally, the weight of each teaching was also evaluated and ranked using AHP method.