The Fallibility of Presential Knowledge and Mystic Unveilings

Muslim philosophers have usually provided a negative answer to this question that whether presential knowledge, which is believed to be the building block of human knowledge, could be endowed to truthfulness and falseness and if one can find some glimmers of fallibility to it or not? The present research has analytically investigated the widely held views of wise men who believe that presential knowledge is infallible due to lack of distance and mediation. In the first phase, mystic visions and unveilings are proved to be presential and in the next step they are proved to be fallible. Likewise, the existence of errors in the presential knowledge itself signifies its fallibility which is proved in human beings however. Nonetheless, it should be taken into account that proving this issue does not lead to waiving authority and credibility of presential knowledge, but the criterion for authority in this realm of humanistic knowledge includes observing the methodological requirements and rational conducts acceptable by the scholars of such a knowledge.