Gait Pattern based on Muscle Synergy Using Assessment, Diagnosis, and Rehabilitation Approach: A Systematic Review

The nervous system uses muscles and joints in order to perform activities in a coordinated manner, such as walking. Environmental changes are also added while executing the movement, which cause more complexities in movement control and misunderstanding of a comprehensive model. Hence, muscle synergy attempts to explain movements such as walking in such a way that it can generalize its findings as a pattern to all the same conditions. The purpose of the present study was to review the research on walking patterns from the point of view of muscle synergy using the evaluation, diagnosis, and rehabilitation approach.
From among 136 articles, 13 were selected from databases, incuding Science Direct, Pubmed, Springer, Elsevier, SID, and Google Scholar, based on research criteria.
The results showed that CNS facilitates its implementation by simplifying the movement. To this end, CNS needs 5 modules to walking. The pattern is so stable that even there is no difference between the young and the elderly or at different speeds. Only there is a slight shift in the time pattern due to changes in biomechanical needs, but in pathology conditions, there are some changes both in the number of modules and their time pattern.
According to the findings of the present research, it seems that the basic pattern of synergy is stable in walking under different conditions so that it can be used to assess the motor pattern in healthy individuals and patients in both rehabilitation and diagnosis.