The Fundamental Methodology of the Theory of Existentialist Situational Ethics, and Analysis of its Foundations from the Islamic Point of View

One of the essential prerequisites for the production of Islamic humanities is the fundamental methodology of existing theories in the field of human sciences; because, according to the philosophers of the humanities, the philosophical foundations of the theorist of the humanities have a fundamental influence on the formation of his ideas, and will be the basis of his ideas. Since most of the existing theories in the humanities are formed in the context of non-Islamic foundations, it is necessary to explain the formation of these ideas and their critique from the Islamic point of view by the methodological knowledge, to provide the conditions for the production of Islamic theological sciences by rejecting false ideas and answering the questions, based on the Islamic sources. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper analyzes the fundamental methodology of the theory of existentialist situational ethics, which originates primarily from the philosophical foundations of Sartre. Then, using an analytical-critical method, it analyzes the philosophical foundations of this theory from the Islamic point of view. The findings show that, this theory is incorrect from the Islamic point of view, and by presenting the questions of this theory to Islamic thought, we will get an alternative theory in the field of ethics.