Rational Argumentation Methods in the Kalāmī School of Shiraz

Deduction of the Kalāmī teachings which is one of the most important duties of the Kalām knowledge is performed on the basis of rational and narrative ways. In the present article which is collected in a library and descriptive way, the rational argumentation methods in the Kalāmī School of Shiraz has been examined. It was a school that for three centuries that are the eighth/fourteenth, ninth/fifteenth and tenth/sixteenth centuries was the basic center for a group of great thinkers like MīrSayyid Sharīf Jurjānī, Ṣadr ulDīn Dashtakī, Jalāl ul-Dīn Dawwānī, Ghiyāth ul-Dīn Manṣūr Dashtakī, Muḥaḳḳiḳ khafrī and…. By describing and analyzing the rational arguments used for defending the beliefs as well as the Kalāmī books existed in this school, on can understand that the thinkers of this school were theologianphilosophers and can discover their methods of rational argumentations in deduction of the Kalāmī propositions. Because of its history of foundation by some Sunny theologians and then converting its approach to Shi’ism, this Kalāmī school did not use the practical reason so much in the belief issues, but used theoretical reason by ways such as impossibility of circulation, infinite chain of causes, preferring without a preferable and arguments like contradiction (khulf) argument, priori reason, posteriori reason, sabr and taḳsīm (test and division) argument, taḍāyuf (mutual relation) argument, wāḥid and majmū’ (single and total) argument, correspondence and also rational consequence.