Causal Layered Analysis in the Research of the Walkability Concept with Emphasis on the PESTEL Model (Case study: Tehran)

Although the negative consequences of a car-oriented approach to urban planning , such as excessive consumption of resources and facilities, air pollution and reduced urban viability, are obvious, the efforts of trustees and operators to address sustainability. In recent years, one of the effective approaches to get out of these problems has been walkability, in which attention to walking in urban spaces is not only rooted in the built environment. In this paper, while examining the process of walkability transformation during the last three decades and a comprehensive definition of it, an attempt has been made to use the PESTEL model platform to explain its dimensions and factors. Due to the complexity of the possibility of identifying and intertwining the factors affecting pedestrianization and the necessity of classifying the fields of its formation and impact, the Causal Layered Analysis has been used. Then, using the two-step and statistical Delphi method, after consulting the experts, five neighborhoods of Tehran have been interviewed and analyzed. The results of the analysis of factor analysis and reliability of research variables indicate the significance of 6 dimensions, 12 factors, 28 components and 37 indicators of walkability at the significance level (p <0.01) and the factor load is more than 0.5. To predict the values of the explanatory variables in the six dimensions of walkability, Finally, in addition to proposing six regression equations related to these factors, the acquired points of walkability from the citizens' point of view in the studied areas have been calculated.