نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 38 (بهار 1403)

Forming institutions appropriate to the cultural, social, and economic situation is one of the strongest and most effective tools to accelerate the renewal process in worn-out tissues. One of the manifestations of attracting citizens' participation in the renovation of neighborhoods is the establishment of facilitation offices. With this process, people's political, social, and economic participation can achieve sustainable neighborhood development. Jafar Abad neighborhood is one of the marginal and poor neighborhoods in Kermanshah with a history of informal and dilapidated settlement. This study aims to evaluate the role of facilitation offices in neighborhood development with a participatory approach in the Jafarabad neighborhood. This research is an applied-developmental study in terms of purpose and has a descriptive-analytical nature according to the research method. The statistical population includes all residents of the neighborhood, which, according to the 2016 census, was equal to 32,608 people, and the sample size based on Cochran's formula was 319 people. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results show that among the dimensions of urban development, the components of environmental and physical sustainability have the highest and lowest importance and impact on sustainable urban development in the Jafar Abad neighborhood, respectively. Facilitation also had a direct and significant relationship with all aspects of local development. The highest correlation and relationship was also found between facilitation and socio-cultural factors. Therefore, the better the facilitation process in the context, the higher and better the local development will be.

Using and repurposing old buildings can help protect our culture and community identity and bring life back to these areas by attracting tourists and boosting the local economy. This study aims to explain how old industrial sites can be used for cultural purposes while considering the environment. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and focuses on describing and analyzing information. First, previous studies were reviewed to understand more about the subject. Based on this, a plan was created and the main things the research would be looking at were explained. During the survey phase, experts analyzed the questionnaire using the Smart pls software and the structural equation method to ensure the importance of relationships and prioritize factors and indicators. Next, the hierarchical analysis method of AHP was used to measure how each aspect of environmental sustainability affected the change in the use of industrial buildings. The findings indicate that when historical industrial buildings are modified, the focus is mainly on the economic aspect and less on the environment. This problem can happen because of the noticeable impacts of economic and social factors in the short term. It can cause a greater emphasis on buildings without considering their surroundings and less focus on preserving and restoring the landscape in the industrial heritage complex. According to the findings, it is important to consider the economic, social, and environmental factors together to keep a good balance and achieve long-lasting environmental progress when reusing old factories and buildings. Basically, turning old industrial buildings into cultural complexes helps keep the history alive and boosts nearby communities’ cultural and economic well-being.

The approach of urban regeneration is comprehensive and includes all stakeholders and influential factors in the tourism debate and can play an important role in promoting urban tourism. This research aims to identify and investigate the impact of the main components and dimensions of regeneration (physical, environmental, social, and economic) on the seven tourism axes of Ilam city. Descriptive-analytical research was carried out based on library and field studies regarding practical purpose and methodology. The first statistical population was 100 specialists and experts from among the managers and activists of the tourism and urban management sector, of which 30 people were selected as a sample size through a targeted questionnaire and the snowball sampling method. The second statistical population was all the citizens and tourists of Ilam city, from which a total of 376 were randomly selected using the Cochran formula and a questionnaire as a sample population. SPSS and SMARTPLS software were used to measure and analyze data through different statistical methods, such as structural equations and one-way variance analysis. The results show that the importance and priority of the two physical-physical dimensions (0.657) and the economic dimension (0.416) are from the first and second sample communities’ viewpoints, respectively. Also, the monuments tourism axis, with an average of 2.38, has a better position than the other six tourism axes in Ilam city. Therefore, it can be said that considering the inefficiency of the tourism axes of Ilam city, urban regeneration is an effort to inject new spirit into these axes to provide conditions for the presence and participation of Ilamite citizens and tourists and to improve the various influencing aspects in it, and as an effective tool, it will bring stability and strengthening of the tourism level of Ilam city.

During the last three decades, one of the effects of the accelerated urbanization process on the spatial structure of the country is the increasing growth of the number of cities through the transformation of villages into towns and the formation of premature cities at the end of the pyramid of the country's urban network. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors for expanding raw cities in Semnan province. For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method based on library-field information was used. Using statistics and documents, the factors of this process were first identified. The fuzzy Delphi technique was used to investigate the existing damages, and 15 experts in this field were selected by purposeful sampling. The research findings identified seven premature cities in Semnan province: Mayamy, Biarjmand, Amirieh, Kalate-Roudbar, Kohanabad, Royan, and Rezvan. By categorizing the promotion factors into three natural, political, and planning categories, it was found that the most important factor is the political component, which has created five premature cities. Each of the demographic and planning factors has also each created a city. Regarding the pathology in the transformation of the village to the city, the most important harm of the parliamentarians' involvement in the upgrading of rural areas to the city was identified, and the one-dimensionality of the law and only attention to the demographic factor was identified as the second most important harm in the process of the transformation of the village to the city. According to the findings, it was concluded that in most of the census periods since 1335, there were cities with less than 5000 people, but this issue has increased in the last three decades due to the large manipulation of the law.

Dilapidated urban tissues are one of the problems of today's metropolises due to non-compliance with the primary standards and criteria. A significant issue that is more influential in worn-out urban contexts than other social issues and problems is the issue of social security. This research aims to provide a model for improving social security by examining the dos and don'ts of urban security in the worn-out tissues of the 12th district of Tehran. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. MICMAC software and pairwise comparisons were used to analyze the findings and weight and rank indicators. Sampling was purposeful, and 15 urban experts were selected by the Delphi method for questioning and scoring indicators. The research results showed that the variables of physical dimensions with a total weighted average of 0.0234 had the most influence, and the dimensions of judgment with 0.0153 had the least influence on the region’s social security. Moreover, among the final key drivers identified (Table 9), indicators of physical attention to unsustainable buildings, time spent at the place of residence, the presence of abandoned lands and abandoned buildings, residents' satisfaction with environmental health, and people's satisfaction with the safety of streets and sidewalks, with the numerical values of 232, 232, 230, 219, and 219, respectively, had the most direct effect on social security in worn-out tissues

The growth of the urban population has generated unequal access to basic infrastructure and created heterogeneous spaces in the urban fabric. For this reason, now all factors are looking to rethink the use of land in the way of urban regeneration. Urban regeneration consists of a comprehensive and integrated vision, which aims to solve urban problems and seeks to generate lasting changes in terms of economic, physical, social, environmental, and governmental conditions of areas that are subject to transformations/alterations. But in this process, more attention is paid to physical aspects, and social and cultural issues are less considered. Solving this shortcoming seems only possible by benefiting from social innovation. In this sense, social innovation refers to using networks, social relations, collaboration, social cohesion, human needs satisfaction, quality of life improvements, empowerment, sustainability, and scalability. For this purpose, the current research was carried out descriptively and analytically to investigate the possibility of benefiting from social innovation in the regeneration of heterogeneous textures in the city of Neishabur. The required data was collected from a sample of 30 specialists. These data were analyzed and evaluated using SWOT and ACCEPT techniques. The findings showed that in the heterogeneous contexts of Neyshabur, four strategies can be used in the field of social innovation. In the meantime, using the capacity of religious institutions and bodies to encourage people to participate in regeneration projects is given the highest priority. This finding indicates that city managers, companies, and organizations can use less costly but more effective approaches to regeneration that have not been paid much attention to.

In today's world, the speed of urbanization is increasing, and with this development, cities replaced a large part of agricultural and forest land. This factor caused the surface temperature of the city to be higher than its surrounding environment and created problems such as the heat island, which significantly affects the air quality and, subsequently, the public health of the society. In this research, the thermal island of the studied area, the process of changes, and its effects were investigated. In this way, Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for the years 1990 to 2020, as well as software such as ENVI, ARC GIS, and GOOGLE Earth, were used, and the temperature change and hot and cold spots during thirty years were investigated and evaluated. The results were classified and categorized according to the desired goals and showed that the temperature is high in dense, barren, industrial uses, and lower in the parts with vegetation. During 30 years in Sari, the surface temperature and the number of hot spots increased. Most hot spots are concentrated in high-density areas and dense urban constructions while the cold spots in the images are mostly in the outskirts and parts outside the city, which are mostly covered by vegetation and open space; so, the extent of hot spots in 1990 was 14,300 square meters, and in 2020 it reached 267,660 square meters. Based on these results, it can be said that the number of human-made uses has increased in Sari, and more hot spots have appeared in this city and are still increasing.

In the approach of reducing the risk of settlements, streamlining risk management in local programs and considering the locality of risks and their effects are important steps to provide a strategic framework for implementing crisis management projects. In this regard and considering the importance of applying crisis management in local programs, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of crisis management at the local scale to face the effects of various crises in the Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is quantitative with an applied purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. To analyze the information, the partial least squares model was used in Warp-PLS software. The statistical population of the research included administrators, officials, and academic elites of the Tabriz metropolis, and the sample size was determined by using Cohen's formula of 100 people. The findings of the research show that the most significant impact on the realization of crisis management at the local scale is related to the variables of cooperation, financial considerations, and institutional capacity; the coefficients extracted based on the structural model of the research for each of these variables were 0.67, 0.61, and 0.55, respectively. Among the sub-components, the greatest impact on the realization of crisis management at the local scale is related to variables emphasizing local and bottom-up planning in the crisis management system, allocating annual budgets to local governments (municipalities of regions) for crisis management measures, benefiting from knowledgeable people in the crisis management system of each region, and the existence of a dynamic information system in the municipalities of 10 regions to obtain spatial information on the distribution and severity of risks, the score of each of which has been calculated as 0.74, 0.69, 0.66, and 0.65, respectively.