Protection of immovable cultural heritage by relying on registration in the list of national monuments , A comparative study of the British and Iranian legal systems

The protection of immovable cultural heritage in the England legal system is based on several principles. The principle of publicity and Public participation is the most important principle governing the protection of cultural heritage in this country. These two principles state that cultural heritage is a public resource that the public should have access to and be able to participate in the protection and preservation of this heritage. In the Iranian legal system, the protection of cultural heritage is considered as a matter of governance. The sovereignty of this matter indicates the unrestricted enjoyment of cultural heritage by the people. The basis of the England Cultural Heritage Protection System is based on public and voluntary participation and the colorful role of public non-governmental organizations in various aspects of protection is the distinguishing feature of the England Cultural Heritage Protection System compared to the Iranian legal system. In the Iranian legal system, the protection of cultural heritage is the responsibility of government institutions, including the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts and its affiliated departments. In general, it can be said that the existence of institutional diversity, professionalism and popular participation in the English model of cultural heritage protection has brought an effective and efficient protection system in order to preserve heritage. The main question of this research is in the light of the principle of publicity and public participation, how is the registration of immovable cultural heritage in the two legal systems of England and Iran and what institutions are involved in the registration process.