Border and Education, Incompatible Duality; Analysis of the Role of Border Exchanges in the Academic Enthusiasm of Students in the Border Areas of Kurdistan Province

The existence of numerous economic and livelihood problems due to reasons such as: lack of industrial infrastructure, uneven development, inefficient economic policies and lack of fertile land have caused many residents of the villages of border areas of Kurdistan to turn to special border trade in the form of Kolberi. This has resulted in various negative cultural consequences. One of the cultural fields that have been greatly affected by border relations is education. Therefore, the main goal of the article is to analyze the meaning and the point of view and experience of the people of the border villages of Baneh and Marivan regarding border relations and its consequences in the academic life of the students of that region. According to the objectives, a mixed method has been chosen. The findings have been collected by questionnaire technique, in-depth individual and group interviews, as well as observation. In the quantitative section, 380 students were selected by random sampling. In the qualitative section, according to the type of subject, individual and group interviews were conducted with 38 people. The findings show that the mechanism of cross-border relations on youth education can be analyzed with such things as: transformation of the field and habits - smuggling as a cultural act - rupture of educational identity - encirclement of the mentality of dropping out of school - value transformation of confirmation - academic failure. The results in the quantitative part indicate that border relations (formal-informal) have a negative effect on all three dimensions of academic enthusiasm (behavioral, emotional and cognitive). This means that the more students are involved in economic issues, the less motivation and enthusiasm they have for learning and active participation in school and class, and they will be indifferent to doing their assigned homework.