فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی
سال سی‌ام شماره 1 (پیاپی 100، بهار 1402)

In recent years, many family concepts have undergone semantic changes. Since the child is the main focus of the family, parents and women's understanding of this concept will determine many decisions in the field of fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the "meaning of a child" and examine women's understanding of this concept. This research describes the actor's understanding of the meaning of a child with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with twenty married women with children and without children in Tehran by purposive sampling and analyzed by using Smith's six-step technique. The main theme of the research showed that a child is a dynamic and influential concept. In the emotional view, the themes of "good feeling," "filling the scene of life," and "hardness and sweetness" and in the supportive view, the themes of "generational support," "old age support," and "spiritual support" emerged from the findings. A child is a double-edged sword, which means that it is both an obstacle to growth and a factor for success and growth. Growth and development in the personal and marital sphere is one of the most important meanings of a child. A child is a container for filling emotions, which contributes to the stability and continuity of marriage by injecting good feelings. The findings of this study were able to present a clear picture of the meaning of a child.

The most basic issue in this article is to understand how the hierarchy of authority in the family and its changes are represented in social melodrama films with family themes that were best sellers in the period from 2008 to 2018. In the current study, based on contemporary approaches in the field of sociology of gender, an attempt has been made to consider power and culture as the key elements in the analysis of films, beyond male and female, to understand power relations in the Iranian family. To analyze this issue in the period mentioned in the research samples, John Fiske’s semiotics model has been used so that while describing the distribution of family authority in these films, we can take a long look at the hierarchy of family authority and its changes. The results indicate that during a decade, we initially see the presence of hegemonic and less hegemonic masculinity and emphatic femininity in these films. In the middle of the decade, the presence of resistant women is more visible, but at the end of this decade, i.e. from 2016 to 2018, hegemonic men and emphatic women are the most important pattern of distribution of authority in the family in these films. What is important in this article is to pay attention to a different aspect compared to the results obtained from previous studies.

The present article aims to trace the understanding of Iran's collective identity in historical reference to the rationality of schools. The theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, and the methodological logic of the research is through the genealogical approach and Foucauldian discourse analysis. The findings of the study indicate that "historical events" and "multiple developments" during the "confrontation" at the beginning of the confrontation with the civilization of the West made Iran susceptible to multiple situations. Modern education, on the one hand, arose such a desire from within the society that here education is mainly focused on progress in the socio-economic fields and does not have a relation with the collective identity. On the other hand, the structural encounter with the Western world, the mainly military necessity of the government, and the health crisis led to the understanding and "technical rationality" of knowledge. The rationality that later at the end of the century, with the rebellion of the "progressive discourse" from its initial principles and the problematization of collective identity, put modern education at the service of "the impossibility of open collective identity."

The main issue of this article is national security. The question of this article is, which societies and why do they experience less potential and actual internal and external threats to national security, while some societies are constantly exposed to and experiencing dangerous threats? What is the situation of Iran in terms of the power of the state and the nation and the dangerous threats to national security? In order to find a theoretical solution to the problem, with the help of nation-state building theories, the dimensions of the power of the state and the nation were extracted, and then, using the theory of historical institutionalism, the theoretical analysis of the relationship between the nation-state and national security was carried out. Furthermore, in order to find an empirical solution to the problem, the quantitative methodology and the secondary analysis technique were used at the macro level, and data related to the research variables for 130 countries were collected from various international sources and analyzed for the period of 2005 to 2022. The findings from the quantitative comparative analysis showed that the capacity of the state and the nation and the balanced construction of their power, as well as the balance of power between the state and nation, which provides the basis for the compatibility and synergy of their power, has a reducing effect on potential and actual internal and external threats and has an increasing effect on national security.

Suicide means ending the social life and shows the decrease of human value and the peak of human suffering. Social capital has a preventive and deterrent role against suicide. The main purpose of the research is to study the effect of social capital on the tendency to commit suicide by relying on meta-analysis of studies. The research method is a quantitative meta-analysis (CMA2), and the unit of analysis is the articles and treatises published in the period from 1385 to 1402, which by using the scientific database NoorMags, Magiran, and IranDoc, 48 documents were identified as the statistical population, and after screening (evaluation of entry and exit conditions for analysis), 26 cases of research (sample size) remained in the study process. The statistical method under investigation is Cohen's d and Fisher's f, and the sampling method is a deliberate-non-probability type. The results indicate that social capital has an inverse and significant relationship with suicide tendency, and its effect coefficient is -0.38. Furthermore, the relationship of social cohesion (-0.18), social support (-0.20), social trust (-0.31), and social participation (-0.17) has been significant and inverse with suicide tendency. Based on this, by strengthening and recreating social capital at the macro, medium, and micro levels, the tendency to commit suicide can be prevented in the provinces of the country.

Varamin City has faced an increasing growth in suicide attempts nowadays. The purpose of this research is to study the bases for committing suicide in this city. The approach of this research was qualitative, and the data-based strategy was used to code and analyze the data. The study participants were all young people from Varamin City who were referred to counseling and welfare centers because of a suicide attempt. Sampling was done in a purposeful and theoretical manner and theoretical saturation was achieved after an in-depth individual interview with seventeen people. The validity of the data was also obtained through review by experts and participants, and citations. The findings indicate that the central phenomenon of attempted suicide among young people under study is reproductive inequality. Causal conditions are disorganization of family boundaries, fear of subjectivity and instrumental view, skeptical self-concept, regressive marriage, and obstruction in self-perpetuation (meaningful agency). The bases also showed themselves in the form of categories such as limited charity, unstable mosaic texture, barren kinship/family chains, emotional poverty, and limited environmental awareness. The results show that in order to reduce suicide among young people, it is necessary to organize their action spaces so that they recognize themselves as agents and identity effectors and resist adverse conditions.