Construction of Knowledge Commercialization Scale for Universities and Its Validation at Guilan University

The present study aimed to construct a scale of knowledge commercialization for universities and its validation in the University of Guilan. To conduct this research, a mixed method with a sequential heuristic approach has been used. First, in the qualitative section, using the method of contextual theory and purposeful sampling, 30 semi-interviews with 30 heads, department managers and professors of Guilan University, specialists of university growth centers and science and technology parks in Guilan province and experts in the field of knowledge commercialization. The research instrument for gathering data was structured and the interview was stopped with theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was 575 faculty members of the University of Guilan. The number of samples was determined according to Krejcie and Morgan table 230 and the sampling was done by stratified method according to the volume and the questionnaire was designed based on the findings. Qualitative sections were distributed among them. To determine the validity in the qualitative section, a peer review was used by the peer and the researcher and the reliability of this section was confirmed by theoretical saturation in the data collection stage and the reliability of the retest equal to 90%. Content, divergent validity and construct validity were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha (0.981). The qualitative part analysis was based on the foundation data approach and the analysis was performed based on open, axial and selective coding. To test the validity of the questionnaire using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the validity (structure, convergent, divergent) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha, combined reliability) of the instrument were examined. The results of factor analysis showed a good fit of each item with the factors and showed that each factor has a suitable factor load to predict the main dimensions of the questionnaire and as a result the designed tool has high validity and validity and the ability to measure commercialization. Has the knowledge of universities. Finally, as a result, the final form of the questionnaire was set as follows: causal factors through 22 items, pivotal phenomenon or components of knowledge commercialization through 6 items, factor of contextual conditions (appropriate context) to implement knowledge commercialization Through 32 items, the intervention and inhibitory factors were measured through 10 items, the factor of knowledge commercialization strategies through 15 items, and the factor of consequences of knowledge commercialization implementation through 15 items. Quantitative data were used using descriptive statistics and Inferential and SPSS and AMOS software were analyzed. Due to the lack of indigenous measurement tools for knowledge commercialization, it seems that the designed questionnaire can fill this gap, so in future research on knowledge commercialization, study it in the university. If this can be done, this questionnaire can be used. In this regard, the researcher has explained the paradigm of knowledge commercialization model, not their factor, with their central codes and has provided practical suggestions for the realization of knowledge commercialization in universities.