فهرست مطالب hosein vahedchokdeh

The present research was conducted with the purpose of building a scale of commercialization of knowledge for universities and validating it in Guilan University.

The present research was conducted with a mixed strategy of exploratory type. The participants in the research were deans, group managers and university professors, specialists of academic growth centers and science and technology parks in Guilan province. To conduct the research, in the qualitative stage, 30 people were selected as the research sample using purposeful sampling, and in the quantitative stage, 230 people were selected using stratified random sampling. In the qualitative stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with the samples until the theoretical saturation of the subject was achieved, and in the quantitative stage, the participants were asked to answer the research questionnaire. To analyze the data of the qualitative stage, the grounded theory was used, and for the quantitative data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS and AMOS software were used. In order to test the validity of the questionnaire, using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the validity (structure, convergent, divergent) and reliability of the instrument (Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability) were examined.

 

In the qualitative stage, using the inductive content analysis of the interviews and the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin during three stages of open, central and selective coding, 146 primary concepts, 23 secondary concepts and 9 major categories (intellectual capital, productivity In the university, organizational policies and capabilities, institutionalization of commercialization, platform creation, networking, knowledge creation, achieving competitive power, and knowledge commercialization capability) were extracted. In the central coding stage, the concepts obtained from the open coding stage were linked together in the form of causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. Finally, as a result, the final form of the questionnaire was set as follows: causal factors through 22 items, central phenomenon or knowledge commercialization components through 6 items, background conditions factor (suitable platform and context) for the implementation of knowledge commercialization through 32 items, intervenor and inhibiting factors were measured through 10 items, the factor of knowledge commercialization strategies through 15 items, and the factor of knowledge commercialization implementation consequences were measured through 15 items. The results of the factor analysis showed the good fit of each of the items with the factors and showed that each of the factors has a suitable factor load to predict the main dimensions of the questionnaire, and as a result, the designed tool has high reliability and validity and has the ability to measure the commercialization of knowledge in universities. Due to the lack of native measurement tools for commercialization of knowledge, it seems that the designed questionnaire can solve this gap, so this questionnaire can be used in the researches that will be conducted from now on the commercialization of knowledge in universities.

The present study aimed to construct a scale of knowledge commercialization for universities and its validation in the University of Guilan. To conduct this research, a mixed method with a sequential heuristic approach has been used. First, in the qualitative section, using the method of contextual theory and purposeful sampling, 30 semi-interviews with 30 heads, department managers and professors of Guilan University, specialists of university growth centers and science and technology parks in Guilan province and experts in the field of knowledge commercialization. The research instrument for gathering data was structured and the interview was stopped with theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was 575 faculty members of the University of Guilan. The number of samples was determined according to Krejcie and Morgan table 230 and the sampling was done by stratified method according to the volume and the questionnaire was designed based on the findings. Qualitative sections were distributed among them. To determine the validity in the qualitative section, a peer review was used by the peer and the researcher and the reliability of this section was confirmed by theoretical saturation in the data collection stage and the reliability of the retest equal to 90%. Content, divergent validity and construct validity were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha (0.981). The qualitative part analysis was based on the foundation data approach and the analysis was performed based on open, axial and selective coding. To test the validity of the questionnaire using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the validity (structure, convergent, divergent) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha, combined reliability) of the instrument were examined. The results of factor analysis showed a good fit of each item with the factors and showed that each factor has a suitable factor load to predict the main dimensions of the questionnaire and as a result the designed tool has high validity and validity and the ability to measure commercialization. Has the knowledge of universities. Finally, as a result, the final form of the questionnaire was set as follows: causal factors through 22 items, pivotal phenomenon or components of knowledge commercialization through 6 items, factor of contextual conditions (appropriate context) to implement knowledge commercialization Through 32 items, the intervention and inhibitory factors were measured through 10 items, the factor of knowledge commercialization strategies through 15 items, and the factor of consequences of knowledge commercialization implementation through 15 items. Quantitative data were used using descriptive statistics and Inferential and SPSS and AMOS software were analyzed. Due to the lack of indigenous measurement tools for knowledge commercialization, it seems that the designed questionnaire can fill this gap, so in future research on knowledge commercialization, study it in the university. If this can be done, this questionnaire can be used. In this regard, the researcher has explained the paradigm of knowledge commercialization model, not their factor, with their central codes and has provided practical suggestions for the realization of knowledge commercialization in universities.

Universities and higher education institutions are one of the suitable platforms and opportunity for developing the process of entrepreneurship and knowledge commercialization in the country. In this regard, one of the most important factors of commercialization in universities of the country are postgraduate students can commercialize their acquired knowledge over the years of study and experience at the university. The viewpoints and attitudes of graduates toward the issue of commercialization of knowledge are of high importance and having a view in line with commercialization can facilitate commercialization. Therefore, the present study intended to present a model of commercialization of knowledge in order to organize the knowledge produced by graduates at the University of Guilan.

The research was conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of descriptive nature. The statistical population of the study consists of 575 heads, vice chancellors for research and technology, education, outstanding faculty and experts in higher education. Using the Two-stage cluster sampling method and using the Cochran's formula, 230 people were selected. The data collection tool was a 100-item questionnaire whose validity was confirmed through interviews with 30 higher education experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's α method equal to 0.98. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, the coding method (derived from the data theory theory) was used. To analyze quantitative data, Clemogrov Smirnov statistical tests were used to determine the normality of the data, confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of tools and structural equation models for pattern testing, and so on.

 

The results showed that (intellectual capital, promotion of academic productivity, policy making and organizational capabilities, institutionalization of commercialization, infrastructure, networking (networking), knowledge creation, competitive ability, knowledge commercialization capability) have been identified as factors affecting the commercialization of knowledge. In doing so , universities need to be prepared in the field of commercialization as a scientific, educational and research reference in order to align with global change. This model is a response to the real needs of universities and justifying the components and parts of the model can ensure the creation of the necessary awareness and vision for policy makers and inspire the efforts related to the commercialization of knowledge.Keywords: Model, Knowledge Commercialization, Higher Education

This research aims to investigate the relationship and role of spiritual leadership in enabling staff members. A descriptive-analytical survey is used. Statistical population consisted of all the official and educational staff of University of Gilan in 2012-13 except its faculty. They were 650 persons from whom 100 people were chosen as sample by random Stratified sampling. In order to gather data, two kinds of questionnaires were used: Fry spiritual questionnaire with 25 questions and Spritzer enabling questionnaire with16 questions. "Face validity" and "Cronbach’s method" were used to approve the validity and reliability of the questionnaire respectively. According to this, alpha coefficient of the spiritual and enabling questionnaires were acquired 0.85 and 0.89 respectively, and it shows the good validity of the instrument. Analysis of gathered data by the use of SPSS statistical software, and also testing hypothesizes by exploiting Pearson's correlation coefficient methods -to relate different variables- were used. The main hypothesis's results showed that according to (r=0.539) there is a meaningful and positive relationship between spiritual leadership and enabling staff members. The results from extraneous hypotheses also showed that there's a meaningful and positive causal relationship between enabling staff members and other factors as follows: dimensions of spiritual leadership (instructional landscape) (r=0.365), altruism (r=0.402), belief in the job (r=0.558), being meaningful in job (r=0.341), membership in the organization (r=0.377), institutional commitment (r=0.628), and function feedback (r=0.315). Also the amount of enabling has a relation with variables such as sex, age, educational degree, and the employment condition. Today’s organizations, in order to their survival in today’s competitive world, need to care a great deal about the role of spiritual leadership in the process of enabling staff members.