The process of the physical environment perception by congenitally blind people based on sensory and mental perception

Congenitally blind people always need to find a solution and resort to compatible factors in the environment in order to understand their surroundings, gain physical and social independence. In order to understand the environment, in addition to the external senses, they resort to the esoteric senses, memory, imagination and mental imagery. Perception, therefore, for these people is a kind of knowledge about the outside world that arises from the combination of sensory information and the mechanism of thinking and can be different from objective reality.The objectives of this study is answering the question of what process the perception of the environment by congenitally blind people is based on? The results show that there are quantitative and qualitative differences in the mental imagery of the blind and visually impaired. Blind people are able to perceive objects directly in space due to their ability to combine emotions. Having a clear picture of the environment enables them to move in it. The blind are not much different from the sighted in visualizing the movement that takes place in relation to physical perception. Blind people also use tactile information to perceive information in nearby spaces, and use auditory imaging to capture distant situations with the help of sound reflections and enhance auditory focus. Therefore, in order to understand the environment for all people, especially blind people who have no visual experience, it is necessary to use physical, auditory, olfactory, thermal, tactile and the like changes in designing and planning the physical environment to increase the quality of understanding the environment. This enables the active presence of blind people in public spaces in order to create equal opportunities and unhindered, independent, comfortable and safe access to the physical environment.