Identification of Destructive Factors in Buildings after Flood and Earthquake Crises and Ranking of Joint Factors Using ELECTRE Method

Earthquake and flood are two of the most important natural destructive factors in Iran. In fact, earthquakes and floods as a natural phenomenon do not in themselves have undesirable consequences. What makes these destructive factors a disaster is their inability to prevent them and their inability to deal with their consequences. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank destructive factors in buildings after floods and earthquakes. The statistical population of the study consists 300 experts in the field of civil construction. Prior research and expert opinion have been used to identify destructive factors. Experts' opinions were measured using a questionnaire. After completing the questionnaires by experts, validity and reliability test was performed on the questionnaire. In this study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data. In this way, 21 destructive factors after earthquake and 11 destructive factors after flood have been extracted. Then, by preparing a questionnaire and distributing it among the statistical sample, experts' opinions were collected based on Likert's five-choice range and identified by testing the hypothesis of influential factors. The results of the hypothesis test show that all the identified factors are effective for earthquake and flood. Subsequently, common destructive factors are identified and the multi-criteria decision-making method of ELECTRE 4 is used to prioritize these factors. The results show that building reversal and foundation destruction are the most important common factors.