The study of physical and chemical factors affecting breeding places of Anopheles in Iranshahr

Malaria is one of the most important health problems in many countries as well as Iran, especially in southern Iran. Considering the role of Anopheles in transmission chain of the disease, this study aims at determining effective physical and chemical factors in breeding places of Anophele's larve in Iranshahr. 68 samples including 63 from breeding places of larve and five samples from ponds with no larve were collected from different regions of Iranshahr as control group. Each sample of the study contained one from those of water and the other from larve group which were collected scientifically. Experiments conducted on water sample included PH, electrical conductivity, Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulphate, Chloride, Calcium, rigidity, salinity, darkness, and Phosphate. In this study 8 out of 13 species of Anopheles which had already been reported in the region were collected. The results obtained indicate that there is significant difference between mean physical and chemical factors of control group samples and samples Collected from breeding places of larve. The range of variables such as electrical conductivity, total rigidity, Calcium, Chloride, Sulphate,Nitrate in breeding places without larve is more than 2 and sometimes 20 times while in regard with darkness and Phosphates it is the reverse. Components such as Phosphate, electrical conductivity, and Calciumin larve life of anophele were of great influence as the most important carrier of Malaria in the region. The results showed that large quantities of the above agents can play inhibiting role for any kind of Aanophelines species. Whereas existence of nitrite in large quantities in water was one of the few components that plays positive role in mosquitoes life.