پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 22 (بهار 1395)

Egypt was one of the graet provinces of Islamic territory wich After the dismantling of the rule of the Umayyads Revenue dominated the Abbasid caliphate. Following the defeat of the Umayyads and in pursuit of their rulers, Many Iranians in the guise of Abbasi military forces arrived in Egypt. Some of these forces, which were known generally Khorasani Corps, During the first period Abbasi remained in Egypt And in the political, military and administrative participated there. Explanation and Analysis of Khorasanians participation in political organization, Explanation and Analysis of Khorasanians participation in political organizations, institutions and the provincial offices of Egypt during the reign of the Abbasid issue that this study seeks to answer it. Based on historical documents and resources mentioned, Amra, leaders, scribes and secretaries Khurasani in different offices and the political, military and administrative Egypt were used,and Active role played in the the provincial administration of Egypt in the first era of the Abbasid.

Convergence with neighboring countries is one of the ways of gaining and enhancing power for every country; therefore, identifying the contexts and factors of convergence and its challenges is one of the necessities of the foreign policy of every country. Central Asia is one of the most important neighboring areas for Iran which historical and cultural ties and regional common interest have multiplied the importance of Iran's convergence to the countries in this region. The main question of the present research is that how and to what extent the religion of Islam can be a factor in the convergence of Iran and Central Asian countries? In the present paper, using descriptive-analytical method and through library sources and interview, the mentioned question is analyzed. The findings show that Islam, beyond common theories of convergence and as the greatest factor in connecting Muslims, can result in the closeness and interaction between Iran and Central Asian countries. To do so, enhancing religious knowledge of the people who live in Central Asia region, paying attention to factors of Islamic unity, considering Sufi inclinations of people and cultural activities like showing films, theatre, poems, and developing common radio and television networks for propagating Islam are highly important and essential.

Agricultural industry, additives industry in each country by definition occurs before and after treatment of farmers to the agricultural sector to create more added value employment in agriculture. As Khorasan Razavi Province, is the top of the beneficiaries or potential, especially in the agricultural products industry needed, such as livestock, wheat, saffron and oilseeds more than half of the area is the existence of Mashhad territory , indicating the potential for development. The first step to create agricultural industry, optimum location of its establishment. Factors locate agricultural industry includes 18 indicators as categorized in 5 important factor involve cost value of transport network, the optimal distance from the settlements (central city and region), the status of the land and climate, making the ability area to grow and access to network infrastructure. In addition government policies is important but loss that government policies used in the location. By overlaying layers and factors in GIS (geographic information system hardware) on (cells area is 6 hectares), with sum point and multiplying point of factors in Mashhad Urban territory and the final score is calculated. In finally the cells that accumulate more points in proximity to centers of specialty crops have been selected. [At this stage, according to the classification stage, cells in the category of "very good" had been placed under investigation. These cells are highly susceptible land for agricultural, industrial service centers, and depending on the type of agriculture that surrounds it, this industry could be directed. In this part, due to the proximity and distribution of specialty agricultural products, therefore, the selected cells in the previous step, depending on the proximity to the agricultural centers, allocation and prioritization are. Given that this practice can be used for all agricultural specialty products, so in the meantime, four types of farm product, wheat, oilseeds and saffron are most in need of industrial services. For saffron cultivation, oilseeds, wheat and cattle, respectively, 5,14,9 and 15 cells access to high value for the establishment of agricultural industry center.

Khorasan and Sistan have great importance for Russia and Britain because of the strategic location and proximity to the borders of India, in the nineteenth century. The two power after a period military action and capture some cities; to advance their goals to preserve own interests in east Iran moved to commercial activities. In this study, we try to be analytical method and using library resources and newspapers and archival documents, respond to this question that; what were commercial competition results of Britain and Russia in Khorasan and Sistan? By examining and analyzing the business operations of Britain and Russia in Khorasan and Sistan, these was concluded that these two governments were able to establish bank branches in Mashhad, Birjand, Sistan, These two governments were able to establish a bank branch in Mashhad, Birjand, Sistan, construction of the railway and road, in addition to providing security and political stability, assume the movement of goods and financial transactions that it would led to the economic boom in Khorasan and Sistan. On the one hand, competition and commercial activities of these powers, led to an increase in the number of foreign forces in the region and on the other hand, led to an increase in the arrival of foreign goods that over time led to the destruction of local industries in these areas, the bankruptcy of local businessmen, guilds unemployment and falling living standards of workers and the local population.

During the Qajar period, the Turkman's tribe were attacked interior territories of Iran and tiffs the properties of habitants of eastern Khazar and Khorasan. In the most of these raids they captured the women and children as slave to selling in the slave market in Bokhara, Khiwah and Marv. One of the most important element of this situation was the rivalry of Russia and Britain in this region. they searched their colonial benefit in the instability of the region. Russia flew their aggressive colonial interest toward south and Britain flew his stable defense upon his colony in India. Both take position toward the Turkman raiders. In these rivalries the Russia won the central Asia and Britain loos its hegemony upon this region. This research will examine the condition which produced this situation with emphasize upon the original sources and will introduce the historical research method.

After the end of World War II, Iran and Afghanistan tented to west and east blocks respectively; but because of some reasons such as being away from the sea, weak economic relations with the Soviet Union and long distances, undesirable economic conditions, especially after the war with Pakistan and subsequently closing the country transit system to the Afghans, Afghanistan tended to have economic ties with Iran and sent councils at the beginning of 1340s/1960s. Afghanistan which had started the oil export to Iran on June 1984 (Khordad 1327), felt greater need to the product by starting its economic plans in 1335/1956. Although some agreements had been signed between the countries, the product value resulted in smuggling expansion in Khorasan eastern and northwestern cities. The present descriptive analysis study aims to investigate that how economic relation improvement between the two mentioned countries led to concluding oil or business contracts emphasizing oil export and oil products and the product contraband in East part of Iran, especially Khorasan.

The importance of Khorasan was increased in the Timurid period, as a result of choice of Herat as the capital of the Kingdom of the Timurid. The economical situation of this province was been Thrived, as a result of Shahrukh’s civil actions, during his relatively long reign. The Khorasan economic life was been strongly influenced by Succession disputes between the Timurid princes after the death of Shah Rukh. Sultan AbuSaid, that came to rule, after a series of disputes, carried out many attempts to repair the destruction and recovery Khorasan. By The Historical analytic method, this article seeks to introduce the factors affecting the economic life of the province, in this period, beside of, to explain reform actions of AbuSaid and their impact on the economic situation of Khorasan. This paper shows that Sultan AbuSaid carried out many actions on the field of trade and agricultural development, tax reform, at the end of his rule. Therefore, at this time, Khorasan economic situation improved due to the relative security posture, regulation of business and revive agriculture, and for a short period, Sultan was able to benefit the Khorasan of economical stability, prosperity, development, and progress.