International Journal of Children and Adolescents
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Dec 2017

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of cognitive errors avoidance teaching through narrative therapy on depression and dysfunctional attitude of elementary girl students. This project was an experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow up (1 month) design. To measure depression and dysfunctional attitude, Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) was used and to evaluate dysfunctional attitude of the students, DAS-C and clinical interview was employed. The statistical sample of the study included 36 fourth and fifth grade elementary girl students of Shiraz with depression. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups of experimental (12 people), placebo (12 people) and control (12 people). The experimental group was exposed to narrative therapy during 6 weeks, twice a week; the placebo group was exposed to the implementation of asset of selective stories (without the content of cognitive errors avoidance teaching) for 6 weeks, twice a week and the control group was received no treatment. To analyze the obtained data, co-variance analysis method was used, indicating a significance difference between mean depressions in the three groups in posttest stage.
However, this difference was not significant in follow-up stage. Moreover, there was a significant difference between dysfunctional attitude mean in the three groups in posttest stage; such a difference was significant in follow-up stage as well. Accordingly, using narrative therapy was found to be effective to decrease depression and dysfunctional attitude of the students.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major public health issue leading to an increased risk of child mortality and has a negative effect on cognition and physical development. It has been suggested as a possible cause of the Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). So we decided to estimate prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children with this disorder. A total of 295 children and adolescents with ADHD aged 3-18 based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria after parental consent enrolled the study and 5 ml blood was taken to measure hematological parameters. The mean±SD age of children was 7.6±3.54 years. Forty-five point one percent of boys and 49.1% girls had serum ferritin levels lower than normal and 19.7% had extremely low serum ferritin level. Low levels of ferritin may be associated with ADHD symptoms and suggest that children with this disorder screening and treatment for anemia.

  Cross-linguistic studies on picture naming tasks have shown that several psycholinguistic variables predict naming accuracy and latency. However, differing effects of these variables across languages and age groups are unclear. The aim of this study was first to examine the normative data for a set of picture stimuli using psycholinguistic features of name agreement, familiarity, visual complexity, and age of acquisition. The second aim was to report on the effects of the psycholinguistic variables on timed picture naming in children. At first, 128 pictures from Cycowicz et al’s study (1997) were selected and collect normative data for each item. Then 128 black and white pictures were presented to 120 healthy Persian speaking children aged 7-9-year-old to measure the reaction time as it relates to psycholinguistic variables. The regression analysis revealed that only name agreement and age of acquisition could be considered as significant predictors of naming latency for the Persian speaking children. We concluded that psycholinguistic features such as name agreement and age of acquisition might have effect on the naming skills in children like in adults

  Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is a common disorder in pediatrics and early diagnosis is important. However, in young children diagnosis is problematic. A problem is variety in sign and symptoms and for exact diagnosis in some case we need expensive modalities. Thus, new way is needed. IL-6 at last decades was preferred to UTI diagnosis and upper/lower involvement differentiation. According to contrariety in IL-6 accuracy this study was performed to learn about diagnostic accuracy of plasma IL-6 in UTI diagnosis and its power for differentiating upper from lower involvement. At this descriptive study, 83 patients were included and examined for Interleukin 6 value in both urinary tract diagnosis and upper/lower involvement differentiation. Demographic characteristic like age, gender, history, physical examination beside of blood tests like white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, IL-6 were done and results listed. Descriptive parameters were reported by mean and frequency and for statistical analysis was performed using t-test in SPSS v.16. ROC curve was checked for diagnosed value. In this study 83 patients (14 control group, 33(39.8%) cystitis, 36(43.4%) pyelonephritis) with 3.93±3.069 mean age enrolled. Age distribution at this study was 20, 63 for males and females, respectively. The IL-6 level in cystitis was higher than control and but was not significant. In ROC curve sensitivity and specify of IL-6 for cystitis were 52%, 50% and for pyelonephritis 60%, 50%, respectively. According to this study, IL-6 is not a good biomarker for Urinary tract infection and differentiation upper tract involvement from the lower tract. A wide range of Il-6 level and useless of this biomarker can be due to gender distribution, time of disease presence, bacterial virulence and other factors. Therefore, studies on large sample is recommended

We present the case of a 7-year-old boy with a history of aggressive behavior, speech delay and progressive neurodevelopmental regression. Mucopolysaccharidosis was suspected based on skeletal and behavioral symptoms and confirmed by whole exome sequencing