International Journal of Children and Adolescents
Volume:6 Issue: 2, May 2020

Asthma is a common disease in the whole world that imposes social, economic and therapeutic burden on the individual and society, a heterogeneous disease that has multiple genetic and environmental factors affecting its occurrence and severity. There are several risk factors for asthma that include atopy, sex, smoking, respiratory infections, and obesity. Since asthma is a chronic disease, during the life of the patient it involves many issues that sometimes reduce the quality of life, so we decided to explore and better understand these risk factors in the pediatric age group, by knowing The more these risk factors can reduce the risk of an outbreak or exacerbation of asthma from childhood.

In this study, children from age of 3 to 12 years with a definite diagnosis of asthma who referred to Ali Asghar Hospital from December 2017 to November 2018, were referred to the Allergy Clinic. In this period, 475 children were eligible for examination. Therefore, based on the data of the case, with the help of questionnaires, information was collected about asthma phenotypes and their risk factors.Asthma diagnosis has been proven in all of these children and this child should not have any other underlying conditions and should not take any special medication other than those prescribed for asthma. This information is entered directly by the physician into the algorithm, and then the data are the subject of the response to the treatment because of the prevalence, prognosis, and scope. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, 8 phenotypes were included: atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma, asthma associated with vising, asthma with symptoms of attack, asthma-related infections, and asthma-dependent asthma and aspirin-dependent asthma. In this research, the frequency of these phenotypes in asthmatic patients in the studied population is calculated.

In this study, the role of risk factors related to asthma was studied. Among these, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, family history of smoking, age of birth, exacerbation of symptoms during colds and exercise, gender and number of admissions were the most frequent Gave.

The risk factors have a direct and significant relationship with asthma symptoms.

Due to the severe mortality and disability resulting from status epilepticus, having sufficient information about the underlying and clinical characteristics of patients, diagnostic parameters such as laboratory and image findings as well as determining the prognostic factors of the disease is essential. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognosis of pediatric patients with status epilepticus who were admitted to the pediatrics intensive care unit (PICU) of a great referral children hospital in Iran.

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the records of 78 children admitted to the PICU of Ali Asghar Hospital in Tehran with a diagnosis of status epilepticus were reviewed. The study information was extracted from patientschr('39') records in hospital.

The mean age of patients was 3.40±3.19 years with male to female ratio of 2:1. The most common etiologies for status epilepticus were febrile disease in 38.5% followed by CNS infections in 14.1% and metabolic disorders in 10.3%. CT scan was normal in 64.7% and normal MRI was reported in 40.7%. The average length of hospital stay in the NICU was 7.65±12.52 days. In total, 66.7% improved and discharged, 19.2% died, and 5.1% had speech and movement problems. Underlying infectious disease, thrombotic/hemorrhagic disease, lymphocytosis, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, increase in CSF fluid protein and decrease in CSF fluid glucose were predictive factors for patient death.

In parallel with previous community-based reports in other countries, childhood status epilepticus is accompanied with considerable mortality and disabilities that can be prevented by controlling some modifiable factors.

Tachycardia is common in the pediatric age group. The most commonly seen arrhythmias in children are sinus tachycardia. However, supraventricular tachycardia is the most common tachyarrhythmia that necessitates treatment. Ventricular tachycardia is rare in healthy children but may be associated with sudden cardiac death.  The important risk factors that predispose children for arrhythmias include congenital heart disease or previous cardiac surgery. Although hemodynamic instability, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance and the use of vasoactive drugs also predispose children to various types of arrhythmias. Clinical presentation is dependent upon age .The most common symptoms include palpitations, chest pain, abdominal pain in children or irritability, lethargy and poor feeding in infants. Emergency management of common tachycardia depends on the patientchr('39')s clinical status. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of diagnostic and acute management guidelines of the most common types of arrhythmias seen in children with structurally normal hearts.

Neonatal hypertension is a rare and complex condition, with an incidence rate of 0.2% to 3%. It can be resulted by several risk factors such as renal diseases, use of several drugs, neurologic, cardiac, respiratory and endocrine causes. Gestational age, birth weight and conceptual age are the most important risk factors. Renal diseases can be found in about 25% to 50% of hypertension at neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The diagnostic of neonatal hypertension is not easy because its symptoms are often non-specific. Hypertension usually discovered on routine monitoring of vital signs. Physical examination and clinical history of neonates along with laboratory diagnostic tests and imaging studies are necessary for the identification of the disease. Calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, α- and β-blockers, vasodilators, and diuretics are the most commonly used antihypertensive agents in NICU. Surgical interventions are uncommon; however, they are valuable in cases with secondary hypertension. This review aimed to discuss recent data on the etiology, accurate diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypertension.

liver abscess remains a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic problem in developing countries.The clinical signs and symptoms may vary, leading to delays in diagnosis and higher morbidity. We present a7 year old boy with respiratory distress and final diagnosis of hepatic abscess.with this case presentation, we emphasize the importance of considering physical examination in patients with fever and respiratory problems.

 The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in infants with jaundice in Khalij-Fars Hospital of Bandar Abbas in 2015.

 In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, which is done in 2015 in Khalij-Fars Hospital of Bandar-Abbas, 226 infants with jaundice were entered. Admission age, hospitalization time, gender, age of birth, birth weight, type of delivery, as well as determining maternal and neonatal Rh type and blood group, G6PD status, hemoglobin, direct and total bilirubin, RBC, WBC, platelets, reticulocytes, hematocrit and direct coombs were analyzed. Finally, the information was analyzed in the SPSS V.22 using tests like Mann_whitney and Pearson correlation.

 The prevalence of G6PD in this study was 28.3% which is in boys 34.2% and in girls 21.7%. In terms of deficiency of G6PD in both sexes Significant differences were observed (P = 0.038). There was no significant relation between G6PD deficiency with type of delivery, admission age, admission time, total and direct bilirubin with infantchr('39')s disease.

 Due to high prevalence of enzyme deficiency and its association with neonatal jaundice and its complications, the need for a large screening program is felt. Also due to the possibility of hemolysis attacks at childhood because of drugs & favism in case of revealing enzyme deficiency in screening tests or jaundice, Warnings and adequate trainings in this field should be done.