نشریه پژوهش های ادبیات تطبیقی
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 17، پاییز 1397)

Nietzsche, a German philosopher, became familiar with Hafez through Goethe’s texts. Hafez is is against a Hypocrite ascetic and Nietzsche against his contemporary human or dwarfs. Therefore, these two thinkers deal with the criticism of these kinds of men. Besides, Hafez introduces Moghan preceptor and world of love in front of preacher and loveless world, and Nietzsche presents the world of small men against grand men. The language of Hafez and Nietzsche both is paradoxical and humorous for representing such thought. This article studies the deep effect of men who through their liberty can save the life of people who have no alternative in their lives and guide them to the destination of the love of eternity. What is important in Hafez’s poetry and Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra is that their contemporary people accepted some values that metamorphosize human being. In Hafe’s, these values convert to something against themselves and produce hypocritical men, and from the view of Nietzsche’, the modern human being has cast into democracy and modernity.

Positive psychology is a new movement in psychology science that emphasis to build and deployment positive excitement to creation shield and obstacle in front of spirit disorders and the increase of happiness. This approach emphasis to the recognition of factors and nourishment of capabilities which assemble promotion health and happiness. Theoretical base of positive psychology belongs to Martin Seligman. He believed that joy includes delightful, commitments and significant life. Positive excitement which positive psychology emphasis to it, create better power for compatibility and, resiliency in confronting to the life's problems. Movlana s opinions as one of greatest Persian literature Gnostics and poets, containing to more outstanding psychology doctrine. This poet and gnostic in his massive Manavi, show most various psychotherapy methods practically.in this research has been tried to analysis in one of masnavi s story as "nomadic Arab and his poor wife", cure method as "strengths-centered counseling" which is one of the cure methods of positive psychotherapy. Until has been distinguished that movlana s opinion have many of capacity psychology in addition to literary and aesthetics capacity.

Abstract Saadi’s poetry is famous for its inimitable simplicity of adjectives and such features can be traced in many of Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry. This article attempts to explore these adjectives in some of Saadi’s lyrics embodying wisdom or mysticism and Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry of wisdom and concept. To achieve this aim structuralism and Philosophical hermeneutics representing two opposing perspectives are employed. Hence, examining how the two approaches are applied, the criteria of inimitable simplicity of adjectives are discussed. Through the structuralist approach, the aesthetics are removed in terms of partial and objective aspects and the analysis of the poems enter a dynamic mental space. However, with philosophical hermeneutics approach history, relevance, development, dynamism, meaningfulness of abstract time and metaphysics are seen in the considered poems. They have a dynamic presence in the lyrics. Literary elements such as rhythm, rhyme, imagery are not effective criteria to analyze the inimitable simplicity of adjectives in the poetry of Saadi and Mutabi. The findings signify the philosophical hermeneutics can be considered as the criteria for evaluating such adjectives in the poetry of the two mentioned poems.

Abstract Drama literature has been the full sign of all available mental currents in many cases as the reason for its vast correlation with the community through implementation on the scene. we can especially see this property in intellectual writers works with a political point of view. One of these points of view is a postcolonial theory, that examines the low east mental fundamentals contrast with high west and tries to show the output discourse of this contrast between colonization and colony. However, the battle with colonization and its politics every time has been a basic worry of Iranian intellectual fighters in the present era, but sometimes, their artistic works, such as film drama, , poem, and so on, have been written according to these thoughts. There fore one of the people who has a place in Iran drama and story literature and the people who had a trend in fighting with Pahlavi era dictatorial and colonial politics is Mr.Gholamhosain Saedi. In this research, this writer, Mahasal drama characteristics has been analyzed according to postcolonial theories and the work result, shows the correct and intellectual characteristics and their potential and power in presenting the writer central idea, that means, the colonization politics. How ever Mr. Saedi has been considered more than in postcolonial, he also , has paid attention to more careful and finer details in colonizer and colony discourse, that comes to the bigger domain of political and social and anthropology sciences.

The present article is intended to comparatively analyze characters and themes in Ofoul by Akbar Radi and An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen. The research methodology of comparison is based on Francois Jost’s theories on motifs, types, and themes as well as Linda Hutcheon’s A Theory of Adaptation. Investigating the characters and the themes of these two dramatic works and despite rather similar characters and the themes, Radi made some very adept differences to impart the sense of localization and probability. Themes such as the animosity of the powerful towards any change in the people’s conditions, the insistence of the intellectuals on their own ideas, the treachery of the close friends to the intellectualism, the abuse of the common in the hands of the powerful, loyalty of the wives, and in the end the defeat of the intellectuals are seen in both works. Akbar Radi takes his subject matter as well as his characters from An Enemy of the People but creates them anew so as to adapt them to the needs and values of his addressees i.e. the Iranians. Investigating characterization and the ways of adoption in these two works show the comparative nature of this study.

Sa’adi’sBoostan is one of the books illustrated in different ages by different painters. The painting“Begging man in front of Mosque” is one of the maintained illustrations in Cairo library which is illustrated by Kamalodin Behzad. The basis of the Behzad’s illustration is the Sa’adi’s poem which in this story uses the Hadiths and storied and narrations and is expressed in a poetic manner. On this basis, it is assumed that Behzad also used the narrations, hadiths, and stories in order to illustrate the Boostan. Using novel techniques of the work reading which are conventional as intertextuality at present and codified in Janette’s thought in details, one can provide a comparative analysis of the textual references in an inter-textual manner. In this research, one of the Trans-textual Janette’s typologies is used in order to investigate how the painting“Begging man in front of the mosque” by Kamalodin Behzad is related to the Sa’adi’s poem“Love and Passion and Drunkenness”.This research seeks to find the answer of this question: what other sources did Sa’adi use in this and what text and references did Behzad use in illustrating this poem, in addition, to compare the painting with the poem. This research is theoretical and fundamental in term of methodology and this is conducted in descriptive-analytic procedure and the note-taking was used to gather information. The research findings based on the intertextuality discourses imply that Sa’adi used the narrations and Hadiths in writing the Boostan.In addition, Behzad also used these resources in illustrating the text as the main origin of the images and didn’t rely only on the mere reflection of the story.

Wisdom is a multi-dimensional concept, which includes a variety of issues such as knowledge, excitement, self- regulation, motivation, social function, moral and as well complex relationship between these aspects. The concept of wisdom influences on the way thinking, feeling and people's behavior in the life of texture. Therefore, wisdom should accrue in person's performance until it created positive effects for oneself and others. Because, a person that has only ideas of wise, but there is nothing from it in his behavior, that person is not wise. Therefore, aimed this study to investigate low-wise properties of Ferdosi's belief based on Key Kavus personality. This study was conducted based on the framework of quality approach. Statistical population of the research includes Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, which is selected using a meaningful sampling of Key Kavus personality a low- wise one. The context of Shahnameh was using content analysis and processes in clouding implementing, open coding and selective coding. The finding showed that low- wise properties include lack of religiosity and lack of morality, lack of thinking/ awareness, lack of facts perceptions and Subjectivism / Projection, lack of empathy/ affection and lack of experience gaining and lack of cultural values.