نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 21 (بهار 1394)

The most of Iranian historical and main cities have big problems in those worn out urban textures. With some reasons such as climate, type of materials, the lack of urbanism rules and standards in urban designing are faced with difficulty. Due to the any action planning and urban plans, need to remarks distinguished from economic, social, physical, legal and environmental points. In Kermanshah city suffered by old texture like Modras Street.

this study method was analytic-descriptive is due to the nature of the study required, data collected through field studies with observation and interview techniques have been used. Thus 50 interviews among citizens, experts and urban managers were conducted.

The Findings indicate that 70 percent of respondents over 40 years of age, low education levels and the majority of households located on lower middle income groups. In studied individuals the local identity is moderate. Among the ways of citizen participation, surveys, training, and notification and Mass Media of the most important ways was selected; 67 percent of respondents Stated 'Getting a loan' as the best step into the urban renewal in this area.

results of this study suggest that not only motivates to participate is necessary (due to high financial risk and lower facility) is low level but also there is opposite organizations views concerned about doing projects.

Urbanization growth and the emergence of the metropolitan phenomenon caused several problems which include the transportation system and traffic. One solution to the above-mentioned problems proposed by urban researchers has been the construction of underpasses in cities. In the past few years, in Valiasr intersection areas in Tehran, similar problems of traffic congestion have been prevalent, making transportation and travelling difficult. Indeed, the construction of Valiasr underpasses wiped out some of the problems. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this underpass and its relationship to sustainability.

The research adopted descriptive-analytical methodology with the aim of being practical and developmental. Data were collected in two ways: library research and field studies. Field data were based on a sample size of 200 questionnaires. The garnered data were entered into SPSS software. For the analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson test and ANOVA were used

The obtained results showed that the performance was above average and the underpass in intersection of Valiasr with 7 indicators of traffic. Furthermore, the relationship between performance and sustainability was shown to be meaningful and significant (P>. 05). This also shows the regression relationship between indicators of performance and sustainability in one way ANOVA table

Valiasr Intersection underpass can be considered as a successful urban project though there are some defects, the most important of which is why fellow citizens pass underground while automobiles move over the ground. However, this project was an inevitable response to existing problems and has been successful so far. Finally, in order to increase the efficiency of the underpass, some suggestions such as constructing elevators for the disabled or special individuals have been made

The presence and participation of citizens in the affairs of the principles for the development of national growth Are people is one of the most original ways. Exciting experience and local public administration, people's willingness to practice stimulates the Grand National.

The research method is descriptive survey method using a questionnaire based on Likert scale has been set Cochran formula, the sample size was 321 people.

One-sample t-test results showed that the average citizen economic aspects of 3.25 percent, average participation of citizens in the development of Cultural Social percent, 2.93 average participation of citizens in environmental Life 3،54 of the average citizen participation aspects of political development3.02 , 3.64 of the average citizen participation in sustainable development. In light of the significant level of 0.05 to accept Spearman test the hypothesis that means up to 95% correlation between two variables Spearman coefficient is0،190 also.

The results indicate that the relative willingness of citizens to participate in aspects of sustainable development that are lower in some items and some items are obtained. Have to maximize this type of partnership measures such as motivation, promoting education and culture, creating the perfect conditions for participation and survey tool designed to provide feedback and suggestions citizens

the investigation of civil management and normative autonomy in the world is an effort to introduce the patterns, structure and duties of local entities and different countries in the framework of constitution and political regime in these countries. This can be treated as a gate to modeling the global experiences. In this research, as well as the presentation of political classification of countries, five countries and the governing structures of administration and the position of civil management in these countries are addresses.

documentary studies have been used in development of this research. In fact, the instances of documentary investigation of this research are the subjects, duty division and structure differentiation, and rule and responsibility definition in various levels of sample countries, as well as analysis of basic laws and provisions.

In all countries studied, relatively local affairs and urban management in the form of a specific and relatively independent, and the role of local and national affairs are separated. So that the central government has fully recognized In the definition of local government administration in the country, municipalities are considered the foundation of the system and the local administration have relative independence But this independence is so far not in violation of the constitutions and laws of the country.

investigating the status of creation and establishment of local entities for administrating cities from the legal and legal foundations show that in the constitution of most of the countries there are certain chapters or articles which address the status of local entities. The common aspects of exploring the constitution of studied countries on local entities are macro fundamentals of the method of creation and administrative structure of these countries, as well as the necessity of governing their creation in the form of predefined ratings.

The rapid pace of expansion in Iran Without anticipating and establishment guide the development and provision of appropriate services in the region caused numerous content challenges, such as the expansion of informal settlements, environmental degradation. In such circumstances, the transition from centralized and hierarchical urban governance to good governance, decentralization and democratization is inevitable. Therefore, Good governance approach and appropriate cultural context, our countries political and economic, as an approach that has increasingly sustainable development path will lead, it has become a necessity. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the implementation of good governance is Urmia city urban management.

Analytical-descriptive research method used in this study can be applied, The study population the four areas of Urmia city, and 384 as the sample size and the use of Cochran model have been selected. Efficiency, participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law, notification and justice Indicators that through field observations and questionnaires were collected, and  for data processing  SPSS software and SWOT model is used.

Among the components of an impact, effectiveness and efficiency indicators have the most and the least impact on the realization of good governance index notification is a city of Urmia. And between of the Variables of performance indicators, low quality of urban streets has the highest rank. Average grade internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) 2.5 and average grade of external factors (the opportunities and threats) is 2.75. And the internal and external factors matrix (IE), contingency strategies for proposed range.

The results show that the achievement of good governance in Urmia city depends on decentralization, decision-making and authority with appropriate response; the development of civil institutions and prepare the ground for popular participation, Attention and emphasis on the principles of citizenship and cultural infrastructure, etc.

In today's competitive world, if we want to increase the productivity  of work place, we must have more production with less manpower, less money, less time, less space and generally with fewer resources . This study aimed to assess factors affecting productivity of human resources working in the Municipal Center Administration and Finance department has been calculated.

In this study combination of documentary and survey method has been used and necessary information has been gathered using a questionnaire with 79 questions. statistical society is municipality employers in fund and economical department (center of Tabriz   municipality) which are 100 persons. Data is analyzed by SPSS.

The results indicate that variables include, efficient use of resources, creativity and innovation, organizational commitment and environmental factors with the mean score of 3.6, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.1 of the 5 have highest values among independent variables in this study. The lowest score among independent variables is owned by the feedback sensing variable, with an average score of 2.7 from 5.

The correlation test used between variables in order to assess the effectiveness of each of the independent variables on the dependent variable .Results of this test showed strong and significant correlation between independent variables such as Job satisfaction, creativity and innovation, legitimacy in terms of staff management, efficient use of resources, organizational support, feedback measurement and   environmental conditions on productivity of labor force.

Municipality is an organization in City that is formed to responding the diverse needs of Citizens. This Organization has the responsibility Multiple and varied tasks Accordance to the law. The purpose of this study is Investigate the importance and ranking of Municipality tasks in Iran and prioritize them with expert's opinion.

The type of present research is theoretical – Applied and Research Methodology is Descriptive – analytical. Firstly, Components and Definiteness suitable is Extracted by investigating the tasks of Municipality in Iran and Experts opinion. Then few experts have rated to this components and Definiteness. Finally, this this components and Definiteness have been evaluated with using TOPSIS model.

The analysis shows that the utilities Factor is preferred on other Factors. The civil constructional factor has been in the next rank. Also Socio-cultural and monitoring factors are next ranks. This shows the Important of utilities and civil constructional factors as compared to other factors.

According to expert opinions and the output TOPSIS model, In general it can be said, that according to the existing laws in the field of municipal tasks and also citizen expectations, to be concentrated the Major power of municipalities on urban services and Construction tasks fields and also increasing the quality of service in this fields.