مجله ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت ها
سال نهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

Identifying risk factors and determining their role in sports injuries is one of the most important preventive measures. The aim of this study was to compare the predictability of static and dynamic balance with functional movement screening test score in lower extremity injuries among college male handball players.

The present study was a predictive study. The statistical population of the study included male university handball players in the age range of 18 to 25 years and 50 athletes were purposefully selected. We used stork leg standing test to assess static balance, Y balance test for dynamic balance and functional movement screening test for movement performance. Injury reporting form was also used to record the injury. Research samples were followed up during one season. ROC diagram and Regression test were used to analyze the data.

According to the research findings, the variables of static balance, dynamic balance and functional movement screening test had a significant difference between the two groups of injured and uninjured handball players and together there was a statistically significant contribution in the classification of injured and uninjured handball players. (p <0.001) Also, examining the coefficients of predictor variables shows that the Wald test is statistically significant for the functional movement screening test variable and has a significant contribution to the ability to predict the model and the occurrence of damage (p = 0.045).

According to the results of the present study, sports assistants as well as handball coaches could use static and dynamic balance with functional movement screening test score to prevent injuries in this sport.

The role of physical activity on mental and physical health is important in the promotion and development of elderly people. One of the motivational tools for physical activity is activity trackers that assess the physical-physiological function of the elderly and can motivate the exercise through feedback given to the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tracer along with physical activity on cardiovascular endurance and body composition of sedentary elderly.

Participants were 45 sedentary adults over 60 years of age who were accommodated in a nursing home. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Physical Activity Preparation Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and Practice Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) were used to select the subjects. Subjects were divided to three groups of 15 people (two experimental and one control group); experimental group one included 15 people who used the activity tracker and also did physical activity; and experimental group two included 15 people who only did physical activity; and the control group consisted of 15 people who did not use activity trackers or physical activity and followed daily life according to the normal schedule of the nursing home. All participants took the rockport test and the body composition test (body mass index) in the first, sixth and twelfth week. The exercise protocol lasted 12 weeks and three sessions per week, with a total of 36 sessions. For data analysis, ANOVA test was used for repeated measures, and for the comparison of the mean of the groups, the minimum post-hoc test was Fisher’s significant difference and a significant level of 0.05 was considered.

The findings of the study showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in cardiovascular endurance and did not show a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in body composition (P≤ 0.05).

The results of this study show that the use of tracker stimulates physical activity in sedentary elderly and improve their cardiovascular endurance but 12 weeks training is not sufficient for significant change in body composition variable. The results of the present study can be a guide for those who deal with the elderly to be able to design appropriate exercise programs for the elderly so that they can make the right decisions in planning and treating disorders related to the last decades of life. Researchers can achieve other results for the future by manipulating variables as well as the timing and type of practice and changing motivational tools.

The low share of rail transport in the total transport of the country shows that most of the suburban trips are made using roads. This has led to many negative consequences, including increased accidents, damage and casualties on the roads. Accordingly, the issue of reducing casualties due to traffic accidents does not seem logical without considering the role of rail transport. Due to the importance of issue, the purpose of this article is to investigate the role of rail transport in reducing road traffic accidents in the country during 2001-2019.

In this study, the short-term and long-term effects of the role of rail transport in reducing road traffic accidents in the country have been investigated. For this purpose, by collecting annual data and using the self-regression econometric pattern with wide interruption and error correction with the help of EVIEWS10 software, the model has been estimated and the results have been interpreted

The results show that both in the short and long term, with the increase in the added value of the rail transport sector, the number of road traffic accidents decreased. Also, with the increase in GDP per capita, the number of road transport accidents will decrease. The results show that with increasing the Gini coefficient, increasing the population and the length of the country’s roads, the number of road traffic accidents increases. Finally, according to the error correction coefficient in the ECM model, it can be stated that the adjustment speed is appropriate towards the equilibrium and long-term value, so that in each period about 0.51 of the imbalance error is adjusted and the short-term value towards its equilibrium and long-term value.

The results obtained from the research findings indicate that both in the short and long term with increasing value of rail transport sector and GDP, the number of road traffic accidents decreases. Also, with the increase of Gini coefficient, the population of Iran and also the length of the country’s roads, the number of road traffic accidents increases. The results of this research can be effective for policy-making in the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and Railways of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Roads and Transportation Organization of Iran and the Ministry of Interior.

Deficiency in balance and subsequent gait disorders in Old age is one of the main problems of the elderly, so the design of sports exercises to improve balance and gait is very necessary. The main purpose of this study was to compare two types of specific and comprehensive balance exercises at home to improve balance and gait in healthy young elderly.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 40 healthy elderly people between the ages of 60 and 75 years were randomly assigned to one of the groups of specific, comprehensive and control balance exercises. In the specific group, the exercises were based on the assessment of balance component disorders and the exercises of the comprehensive group were based on the assessment of balance component disorders in them. The duration of the study was ten weeks and three sessions per week. Balance disorders were assessed by BES test and TUG test, walking speed and functional gait were measured before and after exercise and one month of follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures test at a significance level of P≤0.5 were analyzed.

Applying specific and comprehensive balance exercises had a significant effect and significant improvement in TUG test, walking speed and functional gait in the two experimental groups compared to the control group in two stages of post-test and one-month follow-up (p <0.05). Also, by examining the progress percentage scores among the two experimental groups in all research variables, there was an advantage over the specific balance exercises group at home.

In general, specific and comprehensive balance home based exercise improves balance and gait in older men is healthy. Examining and evaluating the components of balance and its disorders can be helpful in choosing the type of exercise and further studies are necessary to achieve definitive results.

In the workplace, the phenomenon of stress and psychological pressure is an inevitable part of professional life. In fact, the nursing profession, due to its nature, has special issues and problems for its employees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positivity training on reducing burnout and improving the quality of life of nurses.

The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test with control group. The sample was selected using Morgan’s Sampling Table and included 30 nurses of Gorgan hospitals in 2019, which were randomly selected from all nurses and randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental group and 15 control group). The quality of life and Maslach burnout questionnaires (1981) were used to collect data.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the difference between the mean scores of burnout and quality of life after controlling the pre-test variable in the experimental and control groups in the post-test was significant (p<0.05). This means that the effectiveness of positivity training has improved the quality of life and reduced burnout of nurses studied.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that during positivity training, nurses learn to increase their resilience by creating a positive sense of work difficulties and avoiding negative thoughts, and by using it as a protector against mental fatigue and Act physically. Therefore, as long as people change their attitude towards work and work environment, these factors will improve their physical and mental health and quality of life.

Volleyball is a popular sport in society and despite its player’s low physical contact, the incidence of injury is very high. So in this study, researchers examined the incidence, severity and anatomical areas of sports injuries in men’s premier volleyball league of Iran.

The study was performed on volleyball players of Iran’s premier league. Its population consisted the players of 12 teams in season 2019-20, and 120 athletes of them were selected as the subjects. The questionnaire of Australian Sports Medicine Pathology was used to record the subjects’ information. This study was a descriptive- field one; and its data was collected about the levels of incidence rate, severity and anatomical areas of injury.

The highest incidence rates of injury were related to ankle (26.5%) and shoulder (25.7%); and the highest injury type were related to inflammation and swelling (43.4%), spasm and muscle cramps (9.6%) and chronic tendon injury (8.1%). The intensity of injury was also highest in severe (49.3%), moderate (42.6%) and mild (8.1%), respectively.

According to the results of this study, the incidence rate of severe injuries was very high and the ankle area had the highest incidence rate. These results are useful for accurate perception of injury process and preventive strategies for coaches and medical staff of professional volleyball teams.

Tennis is one of the most popular sports in the world, which has its own unique types of injuries due to the unlimited time of competitions and the nature of this sport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of tennis injuries in the elite men of the country retrospectively.

The present study was a descriptive and retrospective study and elite male tennis players ranked in 1 to 300 countries were studied in this study. Athletes who reported injuries in the 2019 year were selected as research samples.The collected information was completed through the injury registration form by the athlete and with the help of the researcher. To analyze the data from SPSS software version 22 and using descriptive statistics, Chi-square (2X) to examine the differences in the levels of variables (3 levels and above) and the Prop test to examine the differences in the two-level variable at the level of Significance 0.05 was used.

Injury rate (195 injuries) per 1000 hours of training was 6.04. The results showed that the anatomical region of the elbow was the most injured (21%), the rupture / inflammation of the tendon (34.3%) was the most common type of injury and among these 117 cases (60.3%) the injury was related to Overuse. The most common mechanism of injury was forehand motion (20.9%) and most of the severity of injuries was moderate (22.3%). Also, the highest rate of injury occurred in the end area (71%) and during training (63%) while working with the ball (78.8%).

According to the findings, which indicate the high prevalence of injury in tennis, the medical staff of teams, coaches, and athletes are advised to take the necessary measures to prevent them, taking into account the potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of injury.

Background and Objectives: Changes in the lumbar spine can affect the function of other parts of the body, including the lower limbs, and correcting these adverse changes may be able to improve function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of corrective exercises on the lumbar lordosis angle and lower limb function in non-athlete men with lumbar hyper lordosis.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 26 men aged 18 to 25 years in Tehran city with lumbar hyper lordosis (greater than or equal to 51 degrees), with a mean age of 21.69±2.58 years, weight 70.56±8.66 kg and height 177.35 ± 8.01 cm was purposefully selected as study samples. Then the samples randomly divided into two groups (experimental: 13 N, control: 13 N). The lumbar lordosis angle was assessed using a flexible ruler and lower limb function through Triple hop for distance, Sargent jumping and Sixmeter timed hop was assessed in two stages, pre-test and post-test. The paired sample t-test SPSS was used to examine the whit in-group changes and the independent sample t test was used to compare the between group differences. Results: The results of this study showed that the corrective exercises group had significantly better performance in lumbar lordosis angle and lower limb function in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P <0.05) but in the control group there was no significant difference between the two test stages (P> 0.05). Also, the comparison of lumbar lordosis angle and lower limb function in post-test, indicated a significant difference between experimental and control groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we conclude that corrective exercises are useful in improving lumbar lordosis angle and lower limb function in people with lumbar hyper lordosis.

With regard to earthquakes and their sudden occurrence, special programs should be designed and implemented for various amusement centers and people in order to encounter a probable disaster as well as to show appropriate and on-time reaction against it. In this paper, the main objectives are to increase people awareness and preparedness to encounter disasters and promote disaster management system in the entertainment centers such as cinemas.

From the total cinemas in the capital city of Iran, ten cases have been investigated based on available samples in the north part of Tehran. The data has been collected through interviews and field checklists and has been analyzed and quantified. Questions related to the objectives of the study were also asked randomly from few of those present in the cinema.

The study shows the importance of places such as cinemas which have constant people commuting in and out regularly. With regard to the gathering information, the low level of people awareness about earthquakes in cinemas as well as the facilities and systems that has to be upgraded in these places, were observed and noted through the findings.

In total, the results show that besides increasing the level of awareness and preparedness of people, the systems for encountering disasters also need to be provided or if available, need to be promoted in order to function properly at the time of disasters. Therefore, in addition to improving the level of people preparedness and knowledge, it is also necessary to build disaster management systems for encountering emergency situations or to upgrade the existing systems. Some of these suggestions can be used by both groups of people and the personnel in places such as cinemas.