نشریه پژوهش سلامت
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، بهار 1401)

Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran. Breast cancer, meanwhile, ranks first among diagnosed cancers in women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the lost productivity due to premature death due to breast cancer in Iranian women.

This is a descriptive-analytical study and was performed retrospectively. The number of years lost due to premature death (YLL) was included as lost productivity. To convert YLLs into monetary units, first GDP per capita and monetary wages for the years 1379-1399 for each year were extracted and then multiplied by the number of YLLs related to the same year. Lost productivity was predicted using the linear regression function of Excel software until 1414.

The number of women who died in the 20 years under study was 43,439, with an average of 2172 deaths (607% deviation) per year. The YLL rate for 20 years was 1,741,195 years with an average of 87,060 years (standard deviation ± 23736). Total lost productivity was $ 10,728,112,578 per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and $ 5,086,663,881 under the labor law method.

The incidence and prevalence of breast cancer in Iran is increasing and health programs implemented by the Ministry of Health have not been able to stop or reduce the growth rate of mortality due to this disease. Lack of productivity lost due to premature death in decision-making has led to inadequate policy-making in this area. 

Cancer imposes sudden and unwanted changes on the family. Sometimes young children are caring for these patients and this experience can cause psychological damage and change the course of life. The aim of this study was to know the children's lived experience of parental cancer.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method. A sample of 8 people was selected by homogeneous targeted method. IPA Smith four-step rotation method was used to analyze the data.

From the aggregation of 71 central themes in each semantic unit, 12 revelatory structures in the form of 4 general themes in the form of: (1) emotions from experience, (2) fundamental factors affecting experience, (3) supportive factors, (4) Factors related to the world of phenomena were obtained.

These children experienced destructive feelings and sometimes persistence at different stages according to environmental stimuli and the level of responsibility and had profound effects on the approach of these children in their possible exposure to cancer and non-repetition of this experience for their children. Since the level of family and social support had a significant impact on the acceptance of the event and its meaning, the community needs realistic information and the provision of coherent and specialized support services in the field of prevention and treatment of injuries caused by children caring for a parent with cancer.

Psychological well-being and happiness describe the components that refer to mental health or positive functioning. Thus, the definition of happiness is not limited to emotional well-being; because other elements such as cognitive elements are involved in happiness. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychological well-being components in predicting happiness.  

This is a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of Tabriz University in the academic year 1397-98 that 174 people were selected by judgmental sampling. The Reef Psychology Welfare Scale and the Oxford Happiness Scale (OHI) were used to collect research data.

In this study, 119 (68.4%) females and 55 (31.6%) males were present as a sample. The mean and standard deviation of the subjects were 22.00 71 3.71 years, respectively. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of psychological well-being and happiness (P <0.05). Based on the results of hierarchical regression analysis, 19.7% of the variance of happiness was explained by the components of psychological well-being. Also, according to beta coefficients and t value, self-acceptance component, mastery of the environment and positive communication with others were significant at the level of P <0.05.

According to the results, students who have experienced more psychological well-being, in other words, have reached a degree of self-acceptance, are able to control stress and stressors to some extent, and have acquired the necessary skills to communicate effectively with others. They have more inner self and as a result they will experience more happiness.

Co-word analysis is a reliable method for discovering relationships and revealing the links between different scientific fields and illustrating the intellectual structure of a scientific discipline. This research aimed to study the intellectual structure of knowledge in women's health research using Co-word technique.

The research method of this study was descriptive-analytical which analyzed the content of texts with a scientometric approach. The research population includes 5626 records in the field of women's health on the PubMed website in the period 2010-2019.

Findings showed that in terms of frequency of descriptors of pregnancy and in terms of co-occurrence, two descriptors "pregnancy and maternal health" and "maternal health and child health" had the highest frequency in women's health research. Findings related to hierarchical clustering led to the formation of 10 clusters in this area, of which the "maternal and pregnancy health" cluster is strategically in the best position.

The present study showed that co- word analysis and clustering can help to understand the structure of thematic relationships in a field. The results of strategic chart analysis showed that the clusters of "health behavior", "menopause (hormone therapy)", "sexual behavior and AIDS", "maternal mental health", "health promotion policy" are among the emerging or declining clusters. The clusters of "effective factors in the incidence of gynecological diseases", "socio-economic factors and health status", "complications and pregnancy care", "health services" are among the central clusters, but have not been developed. Some issues related to women's health such as social health, spiritual health, working women, infertility, and abortion have received less attention.

Many hypotheses about the relationship between blood groups and the incidence of infectious diseases have been evaluated. Because investigating the predisposing causes of coronavirus is important in diagnosing and managing financial and human resources, especially during peak times, it may be helpful to investigate the prevalence of different blood types in patients with Quid-19.

In this cross-sectional study, 400 patients with Covid 19 were evaluated for blood group by PCR or lung CT scan. The patients were all hospitalized in the ward, emergency department and ICU of the hospital between the March - July, 2021. Blood type of patients and final status of patients were extracted and subjected to statistical analysis.

The highest frequency was related to blood group A with 34%, followed by blood group O with 33.5%, then blood group B with 23.8% and then AB with 8.8%. The majority of 90.5% had Rh + and 9.5% had Rh-. Based on the results of regression analysis, blood group A had less mortality than blood group O (P = 0.18). No significant relationship was found between patients' mortality and other blood groups.

The findings of this study show a higher prevalence of blood group A in patients with Quid-19 and higher mortality in patients with blood group o. If these results are obtained in larger studies, blood group can be used as a prognostic factor in these patients.

Many studies have examined the relationship between economic growth, environmental pollution, and health expenditures by combining different variables. However, the role of ICT and renewable energy consumption in health expenditures has been overlooked. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic links between health expenditures, environmental pollution, economic growth, information and communication technology and renewable energy consumption in Iran.

This descriptive-analytical and applied study was performed using time series data extracted from the World Bank and Iran Statistics Center from 1981 to 2019 for Iran. In this study, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to evaluate the long-term and short-term dynamic, unit root tests and diagnostic tests CUSUM and CUSUMQ and Canonical Co-Integrating Regression (CCR) Dynamic least squares (DOLS), and fully modified least squares (FMOLS) have been used to validate the results of ADRL estimates in Eviews12 software.

The results of ARDL estimation method showed that in the long run, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth have a positive effect on health expenditures with a coefficient of 0.829 and 1.065, respectively. Renewable energy consumption with coefficient -0.0808 was a significant negative role in reducing health expenditures. The coefficient of -0.286 obtained for the information and communication technology variable at the level of 95% indicates a reduction in health expenditures in parallel with the development of information and communication technology. Short-term results also showed that COE with a coefficient of 0.193 has a positive effect on HE. In addition, EG has a positive effect on HE with a coefficient of 0.828. Also, ICT and REC with coefficients of -0.199 and -0.080 have a negative effect on HE. CUSUM and CUSUM squares confirmed the stability of the parameters and CCR, DOLS and FMOLS regressions confirmed the results of ADRL model.

Increasing economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions had a positive effect and the consumption of renewable energy and information and communication technology had a short-term and long-term negative effect on health expenditures; Therefore, policies to maintain sustainability, reduce environmental pollution, focus on renewable energy projects, as well as invest in information and communication technology equipment and infrastructure will be beneficial.

N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) is one of the leading causes of synaptic formability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ginseng supplementation and aerobic exercise on NMDA levels in non-athlete female students.

 In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population included all female students aged 15 to 18 years in Zahedan. Among the eligible individuals, 48 were selected voluntarily and purposefully and were randomly divided into four groups: "Exercise," "Exercise + Supplement," "Supplement," and "Control." The training protocol included six weeks of running in the gym for 25 to 40 minutes. Exercise intensity was 60 to 70% of the reserve heart rate. Subjects in the supplement groups received 500 mg of ginseng daily (250 mg in the morning and 250 mg in the afternoon). In the pre-test stage, five ccs of blood were taken from the right arm vein of each subject. Then, 48 hours after the end of the intervention (end of the sixth week), sampling of the participants was repeated in conditions similar to the pre-test stage. ELISA measured plasma NMDA levels. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc test, and paired t-test, and the significance level of P<0.05 was considered.

 N-methyl D-aspartate levels increased significantly after six weeks of aerobic exercise and ginseng supplementation in the exercise + supplement group compared to the other groups. In addition, the levels of NMDA in the same group (Exercise + Supplement) showed a significant increase compared to the pre-test after six weeks of exercise and ginseng supplementation (p=0.001). Also, the N-methyl D-aspartate index increased in the exercise, Exercise+Supplement, and supplement groups compared to baseline values (p=0.001). In contrast, no change in this index was observed in the control group.

 Aerobic exercise and ginseng supplementation significantly improve N-methyl D-aspartate level in non-athlete girls.

Women with multiple sclerosis have always faced many challenges, and their mental and sexual health are important concerns for health systems. So the present study aims to determine the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the mental health and sexual desire of women with MS during Covid-19 pandemic.

The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of women suffering from MS in Hamadan city in 2019. The sampling method was the available method, based on which 40 people were randomly placed in two groups of 20 people, experimental and control. Then the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was implemented on the experimental group during eight 90-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive the intervention. The research tools included two questionnaires of sexuality by Halbert and Apt (1992) and mental health by Goldberg (1979). In order to analyze the data, univariate and multivariate covariance analysis was used.

The analysis of the results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment causes a significant increase in the average sexual desire of women with MS. Also, the average physical dysfunction, anxiety and social dysfunction also decreased significantly. But it had no effect on the depression of women with MS.

Acceptance and commitment therapy can play an important role in improving the level of mental health, sexual desire and, as a result, the quality of life of women with MS in the difficult conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic.