Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2023

Adenomyosis is reported to be increasingly diagnosed in young women and affects 20 to 35% of women of reproductive age. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the types of uterine adenomyosis and infertility, abortion results in adenomyotic and non-adenomyotic women with a history of infertility.

In this case-control study, 50 infertile women of reproductive age of 18-40 years old in the Gynecology Clinic in Jahrom city were included in the study. Among the participants, infertile women were respectively selected in case of having an adenomyosis diagnosis, and the control group was selected from women without adenomyosis (25 subjects per group). Study groups were compared for the primary outcomes of the gravida/para/abortus (GPA) system.

Distribution of the different age, BMI, and residency area categories were similar in the case and control groups (P>0.05). The frequency of the secondary or primary infertility does not differ between adenomyotic or non-adenomyotic women with a history of infertility (P=0.039). The frequency of various gravida, parity, live or dead children, and abortion did not significantly differ among the study groups (P>0.05). Infertility-related symptoms and coexisting diseases were not significantly different among the study groups (P>0.05).

The results of the present study revealed similar frequencies of secondary infertility, abortion, and pregnancy outcomes in adenomyotic and non-adenomyotic women with a history of infertility.

The research included preparing a high yield of new derivatives of cromoglicic acid have been created with new properties. Cromoglicic acid constitutes a major type of pharmaceutical organic compound. Its derivatives can be utilized in the manufacture of new types of drugs, possess a wide range of biological activity, and reduce side effects. The work included direct interaction for eight amino drugs (amoxicillin, ampicillin, folic acid, Mefenamic acid, Paracetamol, Theophenyl, cephalexin, and 4-aminoantipyrine) after converting acid into chloride using SOCl2 and DCM and the addition of (tri methylamine), T LC to control the chemical reaction and to characterize the new derivatives using FT-IR, 13CNMR and 1HNMR techniques. The antioxidant activity of the prepared compounds was examined by DPPH method and the results showed an excellent antioxidant activity of all these prepared compounds, much higher than that of ascorbic acid.

In this study, conjugation between Cortistatin peptide and gold nanoparticles was performed for effective drug delivery of peptide to lung tissue to investigate its anti-inflammatory anti-asthmatic effects. To create conjugation between metal nanoparticles and biomolecules, there are different strategies based on chemical or physical interactions, which are selected according to the desired goals. Attaches based on chemical interactions have more specificity and selectivity, and for the intended purpose, drug delivery to the lung tissue is more desirable. This work performed conjugation based on chemical interactions using linker molecules to achieve higher specificity and selectivity. The binding of Cortistatin peptide to gold nanoparticles in this work was 80%, which indicates that the binding through the linker molecules is well done.

Forty eight cases of epithelial jaws cysts in Iraqi patients were diagnosed, and biopsy records of the Al Sader general hospital in Missan city. The cases were analyzed for prevalence in sex, jaws site, and cyst type. The retrospective study was conducted from May 2020 to May 2021 in Missan city; 48 patients were diagnosed with jaws cyst within one year. The histopathology department made these diagnoses at the Sader general Hospital.The odontogenic cysts (89.6%) were more common than non-odontogenic cysts (10.4%). A radicular cyst (56.25%) was the most common epithelial jaw cyst, followed by residual cyst (12.5%). The prevalence of jaws cysts in males (60.4%) and maxilla (66.6%) were more than in females (39.6%) and mandible (33.4%). The study concluded that radicular cyst was the most common odontogenic cyst. Males are affected more than females, and maxillas are more than the mandible.

Most pediatric patients with covid 19 had mild to moderate infection and some had severe challenging infection. Generally, they had variable signs and symptoms, laboratory, and radiological findings correlated with the patient age, the involved system, disease severity and probably any underlying disease.To identify the most common clinical features, the frequency of positive radiological findings, and laboratory results of the infected children hospitalized in Misan COVID-19 Center.A retrospective descriptive with some analytic study applied on 100 pediatric patients in the age range of (0-16) years, diagnosed with COVID-19 or were highly suspected cases, depending on clinical findings, laboratory tests, COVID-19 RT-PCR and/or chest (X-ray + CT), whom were admitted to the Pediatric Covid -19 Center in Amara City, Iraq during the time period of (February-June, 2021). Their medical records were reviewed for demographic information, (gender, age, and residence), medical history, clinical examination, laboratory and imaging studies, (X-ray + CT), O saturation, the duration of illness before admission of any underlying chronic diseases as well as the most common presenting signs and symptoms.Children infected slightly more in the age range of (5-10 years), boys slightly more infected than girls as (54%) and (46%), respectively. The urban residents suffered more than the rural ones, 4% of all cases had low O2 saturation. Fever and malaise were the most common presenting symptoms as (93%) and (68%), respectively. The illness duration before hospitalization commonly was (<5days), (RT-PCR) was negative in 45% of patients, 54% had anemia with or without leukopenia and lymphopenia, CTs were positive in (62%) and CXR was positive in (53%), while the underlying chronic diseases were found in (23%) of the cases. Children of ages between (5-<10 years) were slightly more infected than others, fever, malaise, and cough were the most common manifestations, the urban predominance is high, and half of patients had anemia about one third and had lymphopenia. Likewise, one forth had thrombocytopenia, negative Covid-19 (RT-PCR), and/or CXR. The CT results did not exclude infection. Thus, we need further local studies to support our results.

Evaluation of platelet volume indices is proposed by literature in predicting and differentiating coronary diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the mean number and volume of platelets in patients with unstable angina (UA), STEMI, and NSTEMI.

In this cross-sectional study, ACS patients were compared for mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean platelet count (MPC), stratified by type of the ACS (unstable angina, STEMI, and NSTEMI). Demographics, pre-existing medical diseases, and medication history were also compared for justification.

A total of 75 patients were studied in 3 age and sex match groups UA (n=25), STEMI(n=25), and NSTEMI (n=25). The MPV in UA patients was significantly higher than in the group of patients with STEMI (P = 0.031). Moreover, the MPC in patients with UA was significantly lower than in the group of patients with STEMI (P = 0.02). The results showed no statistically significant difference between patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI and no significant difference between patients with STEMI and NSTEMI.

In all three groups of ACS patients, the MPV and MPC were in the normal range. So, considering these factors alone may not help to differentiate between these three groups of patients.

Vitamin D linkage with COVID-19 is investigated in many studies, but there is still no single summation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Vitamin D levels and clinical characteristics of COVID-19.

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on floor admitted COVID-19 patients in the Jahrom province of Iran in 2020. The patients in this study were divided into different groups based on vitamin D status after the definitive diagnosis of COVID-19. Demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were analyzed based on the COVID-19 status. 

Vitamin D levels were normal for almost half of the patients (51.7%) and the rest were insufficient (25.9%) or deficient (22.4%). Serum vitamin D levels did not correlate with vital sign data and venous blood gas results (P> 0.05). Vitamin D status was not different among patients with different symptoms of COVID-19 (P> 0.05).

Our results revealed that vitamin D levels is not correlated to clinical characteristics in COVID-19 patients. In addition, well-designed studies with a good sample size are required to draw conclusions.

New π-conjugated system compounds were synthesized by pyromellitic diimide core coupled with side chain containing 1,2,4-triazole rings. The new compounds were characterized by some physical properties, FT-IR and 1H-NMR and the compounds showed a high melting point with some above 300 °C depending on high intramolecular attractive and the Vander Waals attraction between various substituent groups. The optical properties of the prepared compounds were investigated by UV–vis measurement and optical energy gap were estimated by about 2.85-4 e.v. Electro physical properties showed the compounds to behave as p-type semiconductor with acceptable mobility.

Although studies are conducted on moral distress during the COVID-19 period, those being conducted by using various methods of moral distress assessment, the majority of which were developed for moral distress conditions befor the arrival of the pandemic, and qualitative studies are better suited to the COVID-19-driven moral and ethical dilemma. For COVID-19 era, we aimed at reviewing qualitative studies on moral distress.

Based on the PRISMA-P and COREQ criteria, a comprehensive evaluation of qualitative studies looking at moral distress in Hrealthcare workers (HCWs) working with COVID-19 patients was conducted. A combination of relevant terms was searched in the MEDLINE and PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases. The CASP checklist was used to evaluate the research quality. To synthesize the data, a meta-aggregation method was employed in conjunction with the ConQual methodology. ‎‎

Nine studies with 644 participants were evaluated. 4 studies were about physicians in Emergency departments or acute care centers, 2 studies were about nursing students, and 3 studies were about the nursing staff. A total number of 11 subthemes were found in cases of moral distress experienced in the emergency department. All themes and subthemes were summarized in 3 themes adapting to categories: of resource constraints, scientific limitation, and personal variables.

New ethical dilemmas have been emerging during the COVID-19 pandemic and we sought systematically categorize these moral distress cases and evaluate compliance of our decision-making rules with such circumstances. Our proposed model of decision-making based on the available protocols of legitimate and acceptable authorities is a way to avoid moral distress in facing limited science in practice.

There are no reports of hypertensive emergency as a manifestation or comorbidity of the COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients. In this retrospective observational study, we report patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with presentation of acute severe hypertension from March to February, 2021. Confirmed cases were defined by positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharynx swab, elevated antibody against, or imaging pattern in favor of it on chest CT-scan. Hypertensive crisis was elucidated by the acute rise of blood pressure more than stage 2 cut off with the potential risk of end-organ damage. Six confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients with an average age of 4.2 years old were described. Four patients with recently diagnosed nephrotic syndrome and two with chronic kidney disease who were on orderly dialysis were enrolled without clinical signs of liquid accumulation. The lowest and highest systolic and diastolic blood pressures all along hospitalization was 160-200 mmHg and 100-155 mmHg, respectively. All children had poorly controlled hypertension, managed with Labetalol infusion titrated to maximum dosage, extended for at most seven days, and their blood pressure had been regulated with four or five antihypertensive drugs. It is crucial to consider the COVID-19 diagnosis in a patient displaying a hypertension crisis, even in the absence of classic signs of the virus. We recommend that medical practitioners consider the probability of COVID-19 infection in cases presenting to the hospital with acute severe hypertension.

Hypothyroidism has become more prevalent in recent years. This rise might be attributed to changes in the metabolic features of the individuals. The goal of this study was to see if there was a connection between thyroid nodule (enlarged thyroid) cancer and metabolic indicators. This intersectional survey was conducted between January and May, 2018, in Al-Kafeel Hospital/Iraq. Thyroid fine-needle biopsy and thyroid surgery samples were gathered from patients. Patients in group 1 had benign pathologies, but those in group 2 had malignant pathologies. Thyrotropin, fasting insulin, and Insulin Resistance Homeostasis Model (IRHM) were all assessed in both groups before surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out. Based on findings, eighty-four patients were included in the study. There were 41 individuals of the Benign Ganglia Group (BGP), and 43 members of the Malignant Nodes Group (MNG) who were all significantly more important in the Thydnodl.

The purpose of this study was to examine the liver function effects of aqueous celery extracts on liver function tests and lipid profile in rats. A total of forty rats were split into four classes, 10 rats per category, fed for 30 days as Group A: received regular diet, Group B: received concentrated feed diet, Group C: received 20% celery extract in the regular diet, Group D: received a concentrated feed diet with 20% celery extract. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipids profile have been also determined in all subjects. The results indicated significant variations at (P≤0.05) between tested groups for triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL levels in the blood serum, except in rats group B, the group D recorded a high levels of lipid profile, while the lowest value has been reported in group A. The results indicated that rats group C compared with B over an experimental duration had low triglycerides, average cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) amounts. Also, AST and ALT were substantially reduced in D. Based on the results, it was clear that celery can reduce the lipid profile levels and it has hepatoprotective effects by decreasing AST and ALT enzymes.

The study aimed to discover the effect of Amitriptyline and Escitalopram on body weight and their effects on tissues of the testis and epididymis. These drugs were hypothesized to affect fertility due to their use in the treatment of depression. A group of male mice was administrated amitriptyline and another group Escitalopram for six weeks at dose of (10 mg/kg) twice a day. Then, the tissue sections of the testis and epididymis were prepared, and histopathological revealed histological changes in the testis and epididymis. It was concluded that the use of Amitriptyline and Ascitalopram causes decrease of spermatogonia, proliferation of Sertoli cells, and a decrease in spermatid, which leads to decrease of sperm.

The review article presents the results of studying plants growing on the territory of the State National Natural Park Tarbagatai, on the basis of which it will be possible to develop new medicines. In recent years, the popularity of herbal medicine, despite a great success in the creation of chemical drugs, has been growing. Interest in natural healing substances and drugs created on their basis is increasing due to both the unique properties of herbal remedies and rapidly developing research technologies in biology, medicine, and the production of drugs. The analysis and structuring of literature sources contain some information about herbal medicines, such as Corydalis ledebouriana Kar. et Kir., Malus sieversii, and Daphne altaica Pall. were carried out. They were grown in Asian countries, mainly in China and Kazakhstan. Many Corydalis species are rich in alkaloids that have a positive effect on the central nervous, digestive, cardiovascular, and pituitary-adrenal systems. Malus sieversii has a high antioxidant activity, it can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, reduce lipid oxidation, and lower cholesterol levels according to in vitro studies of animals, which may explain their roles in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Daphne have a wide range of pharmacological activity, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, hypocholesterolemic, neurotrophic, anti-fertile, skin irritant, nematocidal activity, and pesticide activity. Phytopreparations have some advantages such as low toxicity with sufficiently high efficiency, a wide range of therapeutic action, complex organ protective effect, harmonizing effect on all organs and systems of the body, the minimum number of side effects, relative cheapness compared to synthetic drugs, and the possibility of cooking at home. Phytotherapy has some applications such as primary and secondary preventions of various diseases, health improvement, and rehabilitation of the general population under the influence of negative environmental factors, as a means of increasing the adaptive reserves of a healthy body in sports medicine.

This research includes the preparation of a new azo 2-((2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyl)diazinyl)-5-aminophenol, in which the diazonium salt of 2(1H– Indole–3yl)- ethylamine reacts with a compound 3-aminophenol, and complexes have been prepared with the ions of  Ni (II), Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III). The characteristics of compounds include F.A.A, (C. H .N and O), 1H & 13C-NMR, IR, LC-Mass , UV-Vis spectral, DSC/TGA curve, the measurements of magnetic, and molar conductance. Each complex has an amount of [1:1] [M:L] and does not contain electrolytes. Based on the obtained results, molecular structural and geometry have been octahedral geometry suggest of Pt(IV) complex and tetrahedral of Ni (II)complex, the square planar of both Pd(II) and Au(III) complexes.

Toxoplasmosis is a well-known and widespread parasite infection. Although diagnosis has come a long way, therapeutic approaches have not changed since the 1940s. Using SOCl2/EtOH as a catalyst, the Claisen-Schmidt condensation method has been used in this study to effectively synthesize chalcone. The anti-parasitic effect of the synthesized chalcone was evaluated at doses of 1, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/ml against isolated Toxoplasma Gondii from aborted cases compared with spiramycin. The isolated T. Gondii in this therapeutic investigation was used as strong positive specimens for inoculum on Vero cells for parasite propagation. A significant reduced the fold expression values (2^-∆∆CT), which are a measure of how well chalcone inhibits the proliferation of parasites. Compared with spiramycin, which demonstrated an IC50 of 281.19 g/mL, chalcone has an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 142.9 μg/mL. The results of this study reveal that chalcone can be used as a medication to treat toxoplasmosis because it had an antiparasitic impact on T. Gondii. To assess the therapeutic index of chalcone, molecular, synergistic, and in vivo monitoring investigations are essential.

Various molecular pathways are proposed to predict the prognosis of prostate cancer. However, due to previous achievements in prostate cancer management by immune checkpoint (IC) inhibitors, multiple studies have addressed the ICs role in the prognosis of prostate cancer and PD-L1 is known as one of the most cited ICs in this era.

To systematically review the prognostic value of the immune checkpoints (ICs) in prostate cancer.

This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study on online databases for studies reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of different survival outcomes of prostate cancer based on the dichotomized gene expression data of immune checkpoints. Studies presenting Kaplan Meier (KM) curves were included and time to event data was extracted for the KM reconstruction and HRs calculations for meta-analysis. Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies was used to assess the quality of studies.

In the qualitative review, among the relevant selected ICs, 7 studies were available for PD-L1. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis for PD-L1. Concerning the high PD-L1 status as the reference, the chance of Biochemical Recurrence Free Survival was statistically lower in cases with low PD-L1 status (HR= 0.69, 95%CI of 0.57 to 0.58), under a fixed effect model with no heterogeneity (I2= 8%). There was a low possibility of publication bias based on the funnel plot.

High PD-L1 expression role in the prognosis of prostate cancer was shown to be supported by good levels of high-quality cohort studies, supported by pooled quantitative results of a meta-analysis.

In this paper, a new method was used to prepare the SA-g-(PAA-co-AM)/CdS, which is an environmentally friendly, inexpensive, available, and highly efficient absorbent material in the removal of Congo red dye from an aqueous solution. It was based on developing sodium alginate (SA) modified with Cds nano/mico composite and evaluating chemical properties. CdS nano/micro composite was combined with SA, and their chemical properties were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, FESEM. The Freundlich and Langmuir models of adsorption isotherms were studied, and through the results, it was found that it is applied to the Freundlich model depending on the value of (R2=0.9895), compared with the Longmire model where the value of (R2=0.9415), because physical adsorption depends on heterogeneous surfaces. This work developed a simple, eco-friendly, and practical preparation of a low-cost composite CdS/alginate hydrogel which can be used for the pollutants removal.

Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that can lead to tooth loss and other serious health complications. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which reside in the perivascular space of the periodontium, possess characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and are a promising tool for periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to assess the regenerative capacity of PDLSCs and osteoblasts differentiated from PDLSC among periodontal patients. This research was conducted from February 17, 2019 to December 11, 2021. A sample of 30 patients with periodontal disease with bone disease (losing the study) was identified from the pilot study sample by means of conventional sampling. Randomly assigned to two sets of eyelids, 15 subjects. Group A contained PDLSCs patients, while group B patients were a control group. After documenting surface markers measured upon cytometry, SCs were differentiated after their extraction as explained by the previous researchers. Defects are detailed with PDLSCs, blanks and fonts. After 4 weeks, tissue documentations containing air, alizarin and BMP4 staining, PGLAP gene, etc. RT-PCR preparation was used. The results of the current study for CD-90, an autumnal stem cell marker, were avian strains in both groups. Alizarin red staining was performed to show mineral substances. RT-PCR confirmed the differentiation of chondrocytes and bone. The study concluded the posterior cells of PDLSCs (other cells) to function in soft and hard tissues.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) as a rapid consequence of gestation consists of gestational hypertension. In this study, we decided to inspect the association between the placental thickness and the fetal load in women with hypertension. This is a case control observational investigation that was led on 179 pregnant ladies in their third trimester (47 hypertensive pregnant women and 132 straightforward pregnancies). Ultrasound was accomplished for estimating the placental thickness (PT), bi-halfway measurement (BPD), head perimeter (HC), femur length (FL), stomach boundary (AC), and assessed fetal weight. As a result, it was found that there was critical positive relationship between placental thickness and assessed fetal load in charge bunch (r=0.2, P<0.05), while there was immaterial negative connection between placental thickness and assessed fetal load in quiet gathering (r=0.03, P>0.05). Straight relationship of the assessed fetal load is illustrated with placental and maternal elements in third trimester in the two patients and control bunch. The most prominent and critical viable calculate the impact on estimated fetal weight (EFW) control bunch that were placental thickness and graduate (chances proportion =1.812883, 1.548056, P<0.05) individually, where as the best and huge compelling element impact on EFW in understanding gathering was just placental graduate (chances proportion =1.61931, P<0.05). Therefore, placental thickness can be utilized as a promising boundary in anticipating expected fetal birth weight (EFBW) with other fetal boundaries during antenatal development in women with straightforward pregnancies; however, it might not be able to utilize it in muddled pregnancy.