Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 5, May 2024

Cheminformatics combines chemistry, computing, and mathematics to research and improve cancer drugs. Cheminformatics deals with graph theory and its tools. A graph invariant is a number that can only be computed via a graph. Atoms are the vertices and bonds are the edges in chemical graph theory's representation of compounds as graphs. Many topological indices have been devised to identify the physical characteristics of chemical substances. In this study, we calculated the melting point, boiling point, stable properties, surface tension, and cohesion of chemical structures of newly prepared anticancer drugs to topological invariants, K-Banhatti Sombor (KBSO) invariants, Dharwad invariants, and second-order anti-harmonic invariants (QCI). The discovery of the complex physical and chemical behavior of these chemical compounds in the human body is supported by computational studies, which are highly valued. In addition, it aids students in comprehending how these chemical structures are put together and enhanced through enhanced chemical and physical capabilities. The results of these derivations are used to model chemical structures and other network structures.

Odontectomy is a surgical extraction procedure performed to remove an impacted tooth, which often leads to local inflammation and postoperative complications. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is closely associated with the pathophysiology of inflammation and pain. Ibuprofen and paracetamol act on different pain stages, strengthening the pain processing barrier. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a combination of intravenous ibuprofen and paracetamol in comparison to intravenous paracetamol alone on pain intensity and IL-6 levels after a third molar odontectomy. This comparative clinical study involved 38 patients undergoing odontectomy for third molars, who were divided into two groups of postoperative analgesics. Group A received intravenous ibuprofen (400 mg) and intravenous paracetamol (1,000 mg), while Group B received intravenous paracetamol (1,000 mg). Pain scores were evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and IL-6 levels were assessed before the surgery and 24 hours after the procedure. The average pain score was lower in the combination group, even though there was no statistically significant difference in pain levels between the combination group and the paracetamol group (P > 0.05). VAS scores increased two hours following surgery (Group A = 22, Group B = 32) before decreasing eight hours later (Group A = 19, Group B = 22). The IL-6 levels significantly differed between the group receiving intravenous ibuprofen and paracetamol and the group receiving intravenous paracetamol alone (P < 0.05). For controlling inflammation and pain following a third molar odontectomy, the combination of intravenous ibuprofen and paracetamol demonstrated superior analgesic efficacy compared to intravenous paracetamol alone. It represents the most recent choice for managing postoperative pain and inflammation in the oral and maxillofacial region.

Pulp capping treatment cures reversible pulpitis to restore regular pulses without feeling pain. Calcium hydroxide is often used for pulp capping treatment. Nanochitosan is chitosan in nanoparticle. Chitosan has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and fulfills the requirements to be used as a pulp capping material and applied to the wound area. The study was done in vivo in a laboratory using a sample of the Sprague-Dawley mole Sprague Dawley. The study uses four groups: healthy rat groups, reversible pulpitis, given the Ca(OH)2, and the reversible pulpitis group, in which we are given nanochitosan. After 28 days, the BMP-2 and TGF-β1 levels were measured using ELISA. The results of One-way ANOVA test showed a significant value of <0.001 for BMP-2 level and p=0,016 for TGF-β1 level. There is a significant difference in the mean level of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 in the four groups. This study showed that pulpitis reversible rats that received pulp medicament with nanochitosan had higher levels of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 than those given calcium hydroxide.

Pneumonia is a global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. This study, conducted at Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Dr. Soetomo), Surabaya, Indonesia, aimed to assess the causative pathogens, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and the impact of empiric therapy on the clinical outcomes of pneumonia patients. The present study analyzed 324 cases from January to March 2023, categorizing pneumonia as community-acquired (CAP), hospital-acquired (HAP), and ventilator-associated (VAP). Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae, were the primary pathogens, with 44% being multidrug-resistant. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns highlighted the efficacy of amikacin, cefoperazone sulbactam, and meropenem against Gram-negative bacteria. Empiric therapy, mainly monotherapy, showed varied outcomes across pneumonia types. Clinical improvement was observed in 72.5% of CAP patients, while HAP and VAP patients faced challenges, with high mortality rates of 47.2% and 89.1%, respectively. Clinical stability in CAP correlated with age, culture results, multidrug resistance, pneumonia severity, and antibiotic class. In HAP, appropriate empiric therapy and pneumonia severity influenced clinical outcomes. Notably, VAP patients experienced poor outcomes irrespective of the variables studied. This study underscores the importance of local pathogen prevalence awareness and tailored empiric therapy to enhance pneumonia management, especially in HAP and VAP cases. Further research is warranted to refine treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.

In this study, the synthesis of Fe3O4 /PANI nanocomposites is achieved by employing a spin coating technique, which involves the initial preparation of Fe2O3 from iron sand through magnetic separation and ball milling. The Fe3O4 precursor is then combined with polyaniline (PANI) at different concentrations (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%) using a sol-gel process. The resulting Fe3O4 /PANI gel mixture is spin-coated onto glass substrates and dried. The nanocomposite films undergo extensive characterization through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vibration Sample Magnetometry (VSM), and electrical measurements using an LCR meter. Our findings show a correlation between Fe3O4 concentrations and crystal size, observed as a decrease from 30% to 40%, an increase at 50%, and a subsequent decrease from 60% to 70%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the chemical bonding between Fe3O4 Fe2O3 and PANI. SEM images reveal the layer thickness varies with concentration, measured as 5.02 µm, 16.54 µm, 17.82 µm, 19.36 µm, and 24.4 µm, respectively. Electrical properties indicate resistance values of 7.36 mΩ, 8.388 mΩ, 8.101 mΩ, 8.53 mΩ, and 3.53 mΩ for the respective Fe3O4 concentrations, with corresponding capacitance values. This study elucidates the structural and electrical properties of Fe3O4 /PANI nanocomposites, highlighting their potential for diverse applications.

Closure of the appendiceal stump is a crucial step during laparoscopic appendectomy. Multiple techniques have been described to close the appendiceal stump, with no clear consensus on which one offers the best results. Additionally, most comparative results included patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. Herein, we compare intracorporeal sutures and metallic endoclips in appendiceal stump closure in cases with complicated appendicitis

Beta-thalassemia is a common cause of anemia. Blood transfusion is the primary therapy for beta-thalassemia patients in Indonesia who are at risk of developing allo-autoantibodies. These antibodies can lead to the lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a rapid decrease in hemoglobin levels and shorter transfusion intervals. This research aims to compare hemoglobin levels and transfusion intervals in beta-thalassemia patients with positive and negative allo-autoantibodies. This research is a retrospective cohort study utilizing medical record data from beta-thalassemia patients who underwent blood transfusions at Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: those with positive allo-autoantibodies and those with negative allo-autoantibodies. Data on hemoglobin levels and transfusion dates were collected five times consecutively between July and December, 2021. The hemoglobin levels of the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test, while the transfusion intervals were analysed using the T-test. Data were obtained from 52 beta-thalassemia patients who received transfusions, with 25 (48%) testing positive for allo-autoantibodies and 27 (52%) testing negative. It was observed that the hemoglobin levels of the two groups were not significantly different (p = 0.769). Similarly, the transfusion intervals of the two groups were not significantly different (p = 0.899). There were no significant differences in hemoglobin levels and transfusion intervals between patients with positive and negative allo-autoantibodies.

Using of electronic cigarettes is on the increase all over the world, in particular, among young people. Vaping regularly resulted in health complications with substantial proof. The study was to evaluate university students’ prevalence and perceptions in terms of E-cigarettes. An online cross-sectional survey was utilized to conduct the research from June 4th, 2023 to November 15th, 2023 at Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region in Erbil, Iraq. The questionnaire was filled up by 629 students. The features, prevalence, and perception of the participants were assessed using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test was used with the statistical significance fixed at p <0.05. The prevalence of electronic cigarettes was 99 (15.7%) The majority of the participants 277 (44%) age group (20-21) years old, in more than half of the participants were female 382 (60.7%), the academic year of the participant were 211 (33.5%) of them first year and 156 (24.8%) of them from the College of Medicine at Hawler Medical University. Approximately one-third (74.6%) of the samples demonstrated fair alertness regarding the damaging effects of smoking hookah, while only 6.4% exhibited marvelous alertness. The usage of extraordinary prevalence of E-cigarettes was identified. It leads to an upturn of attractiveness and habit of E-cigarettes among students of college. The study recommends that the relevant governmental offices take the findings into consideration. Systematic activities should be performed to stop prevalence of E-cigarettes usage and to rise the peoples’ knowledge regarding nicotine products.

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has become integral in endodontics, particularly in addressing irreversible pulpitis due to its notable biocompatibility and sealing properties. This bibliometrics and scientometric study aims to systematically analyse the literature to identify critical trends, influential publications, and emerging research areas.

Publications were acquired online from the PubMed and Scopus databases on December 7th, 2023. Then, studies were screened based on title and abstract and irrelevant studies were eliminated. The publication output was then analyzed using Google Sheet, R package's Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny), and VOSviewer.

From 136 studies, 60 studies were included. The study highlights a substantial annual growth rate of 18.02%. Collaboration emerges as a prominent feature, with an average of 4.78 co-authors per document and 21.67% of collaborations being international, with India standing out as the most prominent contributing country. Recent trends indicate a surge in investigating diverse conditions, exploring advanced material combinations, and a growing interest in decision-making frameworks within endodontic practices. Several topics are still less developed, including other materials, decision-making frameworks, special consideration for specific patient populations, and the role of medical informatics.

This study elucidates the dynamic evolution of research priorities in MTA and irreversible pulpitis, emphasizing key trends and areas for further exploration and development.

Worldwide many people are affected by Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to assess how lipid and glycemic parameters are affected by ascorbic acid in adult population suffering from type 2 DM. Two groups were formed one was control group with 103 patients and other was treatment group with 103 patients. The intervention group was administered 500 mg of vitamin C three times a day in conjunction with oral hypoglycemic medications for duration of three months. Fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high density lipoproteins cholesterol, and low density lipoproteins cholesterol tests were conducted at start of study and again after three months. Means were compared between control and treatment groups. Correlation and regression analysis between vitamin C and laboratory parameters were also performed. Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and random blood sugar were affected significantly by ascorbic acid and there was significant correlation between them. However, regression analysis revealed that, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there was no statistical significance in the impact on the overall lipid profile. The current study's conclusion suggests that administering vitamin C as supplementary therapy alongside anti-diabetic medications, over an extended period and in divided doses, can influence glycemic parameters and lipids.