نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، بهار 1402)

Paying attention to the beauty factors of landscape, city view, and quality of urban environment more than anything else causes the life of the city and the healthy life of the citizens of that city. The beauty of urban space is a quality in the body and spirit of the urban environment that citizens create against emotional experiences of their environment in their souls and souls. Emotions that occur as personal experiences or emotional states towards the constituents of the urban environment require this objective beauty of coordination between visual manifestations of citizens' activities and environmental factors. Karaj due to the existence of areas such as Moradab Hill and Hosseinabad which have been imposed as an unexpected patch in the heart of this region has faced a space of visual turbulence, homogeneity, and environmental pollution in the neighboring areas of these two neighborhoods. These two neighborhoods, especially the poor esteemed Moradab Hill with informal accommodation, have encompassed a wide area of Azimiyeh, which has disrupted the integration and valuation of a point for the quality, environmental well-being, and beauty of the region. Moradab Hill or Zorabad with small, worn, and inappropriate buildings in terms of health and technical, steep slope of the area, without a coherent urban system and inappropriate coverage of houses, has become an inappropriate form of residence for the desired area, and Karaj City.

The dominant approach is qualitative and quantitative research and its type is cognitive. The nature of the research is a descriptive-survey, which is a comparative lyrical evaluation of urban space in thirteen indicator areas in  the Azimiyeh area of Karaj City. Theoretical and background information was prepared from library sources and data were collected through direct observation. Observational checklist expression has been used to adjust the components. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the Waikor ranking technique was used to rank neighborhoods. The method was that the researcher visited the known areas of the study area two times day and night. The determined indicators of urban environment quality were higher than 0.7 and visual aesthetic components of the city were higher than 0.8 and the reliability of the tracks was 0.702 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is appropriate and acceptable and measured using SPSS software. In order to analyze the relationship between visual aesthetic components and urban environment quality, SPSS software and correlation test have been used and the Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the hypothesis about the existence of significant differences between the components of visual aesthetics and environmental quality in thirteen neighborhoods in Azimiyeh, Karaj, due to the normality of the data. In the next step, using multi-point decision-making techniques and choosing the Vikor ranking technique, thirteen neighborhoods are ranked based on urban environment quality and visual aesthetics variables. In a GIS environment, each of the indicators is defined as a field and the figure of each of the related indicators is entered to form an information layer related to the indicators and draw spatial distribution maps. Using descriptive tables in a GIS environment and statistical calculations of the beauty status of the cityscape in thirteen neighborhoods, it has been analyzed.    

14 In terms of visual beauty components of neighborhood 1 (Esbly Street), neighborhood 8 (Mehran Street) ranked second, neighborhood 2 (Resalat Street) ranked third, and neighborhood 9 (Acacia Boulevard) ranked fourth and environmental quality for citizens in these neighborhoods was evaluated very appropriate. Also, neighborhoods (13, 4,5) had a very poor situation in terms of beauty and environmental quality components, respectively. It should be noted that the results of studying visual beauty components with environmental quality components have a very high overlap. Most of the neighborhoods that had lower rank in terms of urban environment quality (13, 5, 4) were jointly lower in terms of visual beauty, therefore, the first part of the research findings are confirmed in some way and visual beauty is related to environmental quality.

The component of the transportation network has a significant relationship with the components of conservation of historical monuments, restoration, human scale, texture burnout, and lighting has no significant relationship with other components of environmental beauty. The environmental health component has a significant relationship with other components of environmental beauty except for lighting components, elements, geometric volumes, and building diversity. The low component of noise pollution has a significant relationship with components of spatial pleasure, relaxation, naturalism, building façade, and human scale. The author of commercial services distribution has a significant relationship with the components of naturalism and organic design, building diversity, lighting, and creativity. Then, these two groups of variables were investigated in thirteen neighborhoods and the results showed that there is a significant difference between all components of urban environment quality except transportation network quality and accessibility in 13 Azimieh neighborhoods. Also, the sig index is zero in all components of visual beauty and is less than the significance level of 0.05, therefore, there is a significant difference between visual beauty components at the level of thirteen neighborhoods, i.e. neighborhoods differ in terms of visual beauty indicators and can be ranked based on these indicators. It should be noted that the results of visual beauty components with environmental quality components have a very high overlap. Most of the areas with lower rank in terms of urban environment quality (13, 5, 4) were jointly lower in terms of visual beauty, therefore, the first part of the research findings are confirmed in some way and visual beauty is related to environmental quality. Therefore, the first part of the research findings is confirmed in some way and visual beauty is related to environmental quality. The urban environment, the environment, and the formation of our identity, so it is necessary to optimize the urban environment in which the justice of citizens' rights is respected.

Exploiting the capacities of historical cities and the axes formed by Slow movement and the nature of cities can strengthen tourism and prevent some of the problems of contemporary life such as air pollution and traffic density. Being in Coherent networks improves the performance and responds to the need for pedestrians in the city. Destroying the significant historical value  monuments and reduction of signs of historical value of Pathway, poor use of pedestrian green space, reduced compliance of new buildings with the history of the city architecture and Interference movement of pedestrians and Vehicle are some of the problems caused by automobile-oriented transit in the study area. The purpose of this study is to reinforce the relationship and coherence of historical axes by promoting tourism potential and walkable quality in the historical structure of the city. The type of research is applied with the descriptive method, content analysi, and library studies. Also, the views of the theorist’s theory and components and indicators of tourism-oriented tourism network are extracted and then by integrated analysis of SWOT and urban network analysis in Rhino software, indicators of Reach, Gravity and Straightness Index in the study area, It has been analyzed, and the strategic and comprehensive urban design process has been used in codification the design framework. The results of urban network analysis show the importance of land uses and reach to the street network in determining the potential of a place for design. Promoting the two concepts of pedestrianism and tourism in the historical structure of the city by strengthening the common dimensions and components of land use mixing, continuity, natural elements, reach and other components and indicators, strengthens the relationship between historical axes and relaxation at the intersection The old and new structure, strengthening the existing compatible functions, creating and strengthening the continuity of memorial paths, reviving the element of the castle according to historical research and the criteria of Iranian-Islamic facades strengthened the physical and historical value.

With the increase in population and the number of cities in this century, especially in developing countries, the quality of life in cities has become an important issue in urban planning. The master plan of the city is one of the most important documents of urban development, which is approved in a costly process by local and national authorities. The current research seeks to identify the components of quality of life in the process of approving the third comprehensive plan for Mashhad City The process of approving this plan started in 2018 and finally it was announced in 2018. In order to study the plan approval documents, the content analysis method has been used. The data collection tool was documentary and the data analysis tool was in the form of inductive content analysis in MaxQda software. Based on the literature review, the quality of life components in the planning process has been classified into substantive and procedural dimensions. The Substantive dimension includes health, recreational, educational, technological infrastructures, natural environment, social environment, and economic environment are considered, and the procedural dimension includes qualitative considerations in planning approach, qualitative considerations in planning documents, qualitative considerations in plan implementation, planning organization, and urban plans hierarchy. As a result of the analysis of the project minutes, 1034 codes were identified and classified according to the conceptual model. According to the research findings, 81.23% of the identified codes were procedural and 18.76% were substantive. In the approval documents, the most attention was paid to the planning organization, but the technological infrastructure and quality of implementation were not addressed. At the local scale, the ratio of paying attention to the quality of life in urban planning has been almost double that of the national scale. Based on the findings of the research, it is suggested that the substantive aspects of the quality of life in the process of approving urban development plans, especially on a national scale, should be given special attention by the authorities.

The increase in urban population and the expansion of urbanization have had various physical, social, environmental, and economic consequences for cities and their citizens, especially psychological consequences; On the other hand, it can be said that contact with nature in today's cities in the form of urban green spaces in various scales plays a significant role in reducing mental and psychological problems. Hence, urban green infrastructure planning, considering spatial/physical qualities to improve citizens' mental health, can play a role in transforming urban spaces into supportive environments. Green infrastructures have become influential components not only in their content, but also in their impact on their surrounding areas' physical, environmental, and social values in recent decades. The main aim of this research is to test and analyze the relationship between urban green infrastructure and citizens' mental health in the surrounding area of Park-e-Mellat to enjoy the capacities of such spaces in promoting urban health. In this article, we have attempted to investigate the relationship between the surrounding area of the urban park and its effect on mental health through document and field methods (interview and questionnaire). Thematic analysis using semi-structured interviews with 14 space users was performed using MAXQDA software. In the second stage, using the fuzzy Delphi technique, the final results were obtained with 10 experts in two rounds of the questionnaire. The research method is based on an interpretive paradigm, with a mixed approach in the first part of qualitative thematic analysis and the second part of fuzzy Delphi. The findings, in the form of four main themes: the quality of the physical environment, mental health, physical health, and social health, defined ten qualities for green infrastructure planning to improve citizens' mental health.

Despite the rapid development of the tourism industry in the world, there is great potential to attract tourists to Iran and Isfahan. Data and statistics indicate the failure of the industry and its unsuccessful performance in the country and the city of Isfahan. It seems one of the main reasons for this event is the lack of attention to the expectations and preferences of tourists entering the country, another reason refers to the lack of effort to increase their satisfaction. The main aim of this study is to understand tourists' satisfaction better and identify and prioritize the factors affecting their satisfaction and security support of tourists who travel to Isfahan. Besides evaluating the tourists' expectations, and features of traveling to Isfahan, and measuring the performance of desired features from tourists' view, this study aims to develop executive strategies to improve satisfaction from the police services. According to Para Suraman's theory "dimensions of service quality" assessed the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and it was evaluated in a standard questionnaire consisting of 40 questions in a sample of 130 people. Data were analyzed by Friedman, Pearson, and Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) tests. The result of the correlation between service quality dimensions and the level of satisfaction of foreign tourists shows that there is a significant relationship between these two. Accordingly, the expectations of tourists are higher than the current situation in all aspects. The highest mean score is in the expected physical and appearance dimensions (2.4), and the lowest mean score is related to responsibility (34.2). In the current situation, the highest score was assigned to empathy (82.3), and the lowest score was dedicated to the guarantee and warranty (05.2). Considering the difference between the mean scores of expectations and the perceived quality in all dimensions shows a negative gap. The highest score of the negative gap was for guarantee and warranty (-29.2), and the lowest score of the negative gap was for reliability (147.1) which indicates police services did not meet tourists' expectations from their perspectives. To obtain better results Importance-Performance theory was used. The results show four characteristics "the harmony between legislation and the police performance, the relative dominance of the police of tourists' languages in terminals, the amount of police proficiency in tourists' speeches in the city and Foreign National offices, and the amount of amiability of police and their respect to tourists in the city, and respect to tourists' beliefs and privacy and having a little information about tourists and etiquette of dealing with them. Despite the great importance of these characteristics, they have lower performance than the average and must be improved.

Today, with the development of cities and the introduction of the principle of sustainable development, environmental issues and, green cities have been the focus of urban planners. The issues and problems that exist especially in the cities indicate the failure to achieve the characteristics of sustainability in them, while the spatial and ecological analysis of the environment has been one of the main characteristics of sustainability in the urban regions and districts, and it is trying to improve the urban environment. Provide suitable for the residents of the cities. The green city is one of the new approaches arising from the concepts of sustainable development, which can be used to improve the quality of the environment and sustainable urban development. The purpose of this research is to investigate the metropolis of Isfahan in terms of green city indicators to find out what is the state of this city in terms of the green city approach, and then with a look at Freiburg, Germany, which is a successful example of a green city in the world and adopted sister. Isfahan is known to implement strategies. Therefore, this research with  the  descriptive-analytical method and library and field method with the help of  a questionnaire firstly first collected the necessary information and then with the help of SPSS software it came to the conclusion concluded that according to the people, the energy index is the most important index for Reaching the green city is in Isfahan, while with the help of SWOT technique, urban professionals consider environmental governance to be the most important component to reach the green city.