فصلنامه فضای جغرافیایی
پیاپی 82 (تابستان 1402)

In modern approaches to the city, City of Khorasan has been proposed as a strategic way of thinking in the planning and implementation of urban plans. This approach addresses the ways in which citizens engage in different areas of encounter with city-related issues in order to realize the components of the idea of ​​the right to the city (urban governance, social inclusion, cultural diversity in the city and social freedoms and the right to access urban services to all residents of the city There is a strong link between space and creativity. Creative people need space for life, work, inspiration, and work. In this context, public spaces can play a very important role.This article seeks to answer the main question that the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing public spaces to reach the public sphere are creative and which indicators have the most impact on promoting the public spaces in the creative public space? The present study was applied in a qualitative way. The statistical population of the study consisted of 60 professors, experts in urban planning and executive directors from different universities of Tabriz and the municipality of Tabriz through purposeful sampling and Available for selection and review and the final arrangement of the provided list is also done using the Delphi technique as a combination of similar responses and removal of marginal responses. According to the findings of the research, in terms of grading and comparing the public spaces studied in this study, the public spaces of Aeol Goli Park, the Municipality of the Center, Sahib al-Amr Square, Qutb Square, Laleh Park, and Valga-Asr Park, according to the total score of 2 to 3 at the moderate level and the foundation of the foundation. Based on the total score of the final 4, internal factors are at the highest level in terms of the general creative space, all of which by adopting the necessary measures necessary to enhance the creative public space. Among the factors studied, the existence of a suitable transportation system for welfare and easy access, long-term erosion, strong historical record, multi-functionality, tolerance for all groups, security, and the creation of a platform for creating a variety of events are among the most important factors. In the promotion of public spaces were identified in the creative public space.

Many behavioral anomalies in different urban societies, while having historical, cultural and economic roots, Are affected by the quality of life and emotions transmitted from the living space. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between the physical sustainability of neighborhoods and their relationship with the level of social sustainability of urban neighborhoods as dimensions of quality of life. The research method is descriptive-analytical with field studies. The research unit is the central and primary neighborhoods of Ardebil city. They include the neighborhoods of the Aliqapu or Darvazeh, Sarcheshmeh, Tova, Gazaran, Ochdukan and Pir Abdol-Malek. The sample size was estimated to be 384 according to Cochran formula. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software and AMOS software was used for path analysis. Research findings show that physical sustainability components (including the quality of spatial form and texture, accessibility to Urban uses and services or visual form) are Compared with other components and even social sustainability components to quality The lives of urban dwellers have a profound impact. The results show that in Ardebil city's central neighborhoods, social stability of residents (3.13) is better than the physical stability of the desired neighborhoods (2.87). Also, based on the results of the present study, the physical quality of urban environment can significantly (up to 59%) predict the satisfaction of residents' quality of life.

Assigning important roles to the civil society in dysfunctional contexts It is a phenomenon of good governance in the form of people-centered communities Which can be a capacity for participation, social capital and social trust and cohesion to happen with flexibility It is possible to achieve urban sustainability in these residential areas and its resilience in terms of urban hazards. The main purpose of this research is The Investigating effect of local communitis governance on the sustainability of urban Inefficient textures. For this purpose, four inefficient and dilapidated neighborhoods named Chokhorlar, Qazan Daghi, Mollah Hossein Baghi and Shams Abad in Tabriz Were selected as pilot studies. current study Based on the purpose of the application type  and in terms of how data is collected It is of descriptive-correlation type. In this way, First, Extracted from previous sources and literature the indicators of the two schools of governance of local communities and urban sustainability. And after exchanging views with relevant experts Two questionnaires were designed in connection with the two concepts mentioned. And 125 questionnaires for each of the selected locations Was considered. Validity of this research is Content and  Cronbach's alpha is used for reliability. and then the results were merged and the final research model was obtained. In the present study to achieve the objectives of the study, from two softwares Was used are SPSS 26(To provide descriptive information and test the normality of the data) and 3 Smart PLS (To model structural equations and measure the effect of variables on each other) The results of the research, it shows Local community governance variable On the stability of Inefficient textures It has a positive, strong and significant effect. Makes it clearer than ever applying such an idea in the planning and management of these textures is necessary.

Electoral geography is the knowledge that deals with the differences and similarities of electoral patterns in different geographical areas at the national level and establishes a relationship between these patterns and other social and economic structures. Despite the comprehensiveness of the geography of elections and the diversity of its subjects, two important issues in the geography of elections, especially parliamentary elections, are the proportionality in the distribution of parliamentary seats and the manipulation of the boundaries of constituencies. Takhsim examines justice in the geographical space of elections and examines whether the proportion of the population is commensurate with the number of seats; And Jerry Mandering is an electoral geography that manipulates and shifts electoral boundaries; And examines how changes in constituency boundaries lead to the victory of an individual or group in an election. Review; Proportion sharing; And; Jerry Mandering; It is one of the researchable cases that was not discussed in Iran before and after the revolution. East Azarbaijan province is a province that, both when it formed a province with Ardabil province and after it, has a great variety of topics in the geography of elections, including study; malapportionment; And; Jerry Mandering; Enjoys. This article is based on a comprehensive study of two categories; malapportionment; And; Jerry Mandering; It is in the eleven periods of East Azerbaijan and in this article only the above two issues in this province have been dealt with. The research data was done by library and analytical methods using Spss and Gis software. What was obtained from the results of the research was that in the study of the proportionality of the division, it was observed that in the constituencies of East Azerbaijan province, there is less spatial justice in terms of population and number of seats. Deviation from the constituency population criterion is calculated relative to the national average of 157692 people; The sum of its variance is equal to 18.42 and its average variance is equal to 1.4 percent. Jerry Mandering's investigation has manipulated the boundaries of some constituencies.

One of the major manifestations of climate change in recent decades is the change in precipitation in different parts of the world. Since this climate parameter has a rebellious nature, recognizing its oscillating behavior is a necessity in the field of environmental planning in order to achieve sustainable development. Spectral analysis technique is an efficient method of identifying and understanding the overt and covert behavior of climatic elements and extracting and analyzing climatic fluctuations. Therefore, in the present study, using the daily precipitation data of 108 synoptic and rain gauge stations in the country, first the beginning and end of precipitation periods in the wet season (September-May) in 1990-2015 were extracted and then According to it, the longevity of the rainy season in the country was achieved in all stations. In the next step, using programming facilities in MATLAB software, the distribution of variances in all possible wavelengths at a significance level of 95%, in a time series of 26 years was obtained and finally in order to discover the spatial distribution of important and dominant cycles in software Arc Gis 10 software was mapped. The results showed that these fluctuations in the southern regions of the country are mainly 2 to 4 years and shorter and have less diversity and in the northern regions are more diverse and often 4 to 8 years. In general, significant fluctuations governing the longevity of the country's rainy season in the wet period of the year are mainly short-term and with a return period of 2 to 4 years, which is commensurate with large-scale fluctuations in oceanic climate indicators and is related to remote connection patterns. Also, the role of altitudes and distance and proximity to the sea in the diversity of cycles governing the northern and western half of the country is also significant.

Today, the development of the village or any settlement system, compared to the past, has a wide connection with the concept of management, and in fact, management is an influential factor in development that can not only accelerate the development process but can be said to be the only factor to  Achieve development. Effective rural management requires the use of new managerial perspectives, which is one of the new approaches to good governance, in other words, good rural governance. In this regard, the present study aims to; Explanation and investigation of the effective components on the realization of good rural governance in rural settlements, the central district of Poldakhtar county and the Mosian district of Dehloran county have been compiled. Data collection is based on library and survey resources. The statistical population is studied by experts and specialists in the field. Demitel technique was used to analyze the data. The relationship between good governance and sustainable rural development was assessed according to the type of research data using Pearson test. The results of causal relations in Demetel method show that in the central district of  Poldakhtar county; The components of efficiency and effectiveness were identified as the most effective and legality of the most impression indicator, and in the Mosian district of Dehloran county, the component of intercession was identified as the most effective and justice indicator as the most impression indicator of good rural governance. Findings of correlation coefficients of good governance and rural sustainability variables in the central district of Poldakhtar indicate that there is a positive relationship between rural governance and the components of legality, responsibility, collective agreement and justice and sustainability and all its components except social sustainability (p≤0.05). Findings of correlation coefficients of variables of good governance and rural sustainability in Mosian district of Dehloran county indicate that there is not a significant relationship between rural governance and the components of participation, responsibility, collective agreement and efficiency and effectiveness with sustainability and components of social, economic and environmental sustainability(p>0.05).

Drought is a creepy phenomenon, reversible climate and an unavoidable reality in different climates that is caused by a lack of rainfall over a period of time. The purpose of this research is to monitor in Bushehr province based on SPI and VCI indices using MODIS sensors. In this regard, using 54 time-series images of the Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) of MODIS satellite products from the growing seasons (January, February and March) between 2001 and 2018, the VCI, Vegetation Status Index, which is a normalized index to assess drought is calculated. Then, the standard SPI precipitation index for 5 synoptic stations (Borazjan, Bushehr, Deylam, Dayyer and Jam) was calculated during an 18-year statistical period, and according to the SPI classification table, very severe drought, severe drought, drought Moderate, almost normal, moderate wet, very wet and very severe wet were divided. Then the correlation coefficient of these two indices was calculated and it was found that the two indices have a significant correlation coefficient. The results of drought monitoring showed that during this 18-year period, in some years, the VCI index of severe drought (2009) shows that less rainfall occurred in the same year, and in 2014 it shows a very severe wet season where significant rainfall has occurred. Also, the results of the correlation between these two indices showed that the six-month SPI correlation coefficient has a higher correlation with the average VCI index than the quarter. In general, it was found that in the absence of meteorological indicators, a satellite index can be used to monitor drought.

Due to the Earthchr('39')s climate is systemic, the Large-scale atmospheric patterns, are considered as one of the most important factors that affects the climate in different regions of the world. This issue indicates necessity of investigating these patterns and their effects on climate areas beyond a given region. In this study, the relationship between North Hemispherechr('39')s teleconnection indices and Evapotranspiration (ET) at synoptic stations in south of the Aras River basin during the 26-years statistical period (1992-2017) was investigated.  Run test was used to evaluate the sequence and homogeneity of data. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship status between these patterns and the changes in the studied variable. The highest significant correlation coefficient calculated between ET stations and some patterns was obtained with non-delayed mode, with 1, 2 and 3-months delay which are weak in terms of intensity.While in different, the highest significant correlation coefficients was observed that it was Calculated at Ahar station (in winter, spring and autumn seasons with EA, SCA, NAO and EA indices, respectively, amount 0.79*, -0.53**, -0.49** and -0.43*), at Ardabil (in spring with SCA, in summer and autumn with POL (-0.54**, 0.44* and -0.56**) and at Parsabad (in autumn with EP/NP 0.46*). Significant correlation between phases of EA, EA/WR and EP/NP, SCA positive phase and PNA negative phase with Z-Scores of some stationchr('39')s was observed low to moderate intensity at the confidence level of 0.95 and above. The results  of the backward regression model, in addition to introducing the most effective  indices in the modeling of stationchr('39')s ET, showed that  they do not have the explain this variable in Aras basin.

In the current age of increasing population and urban expansion,Have Increased use of motor vehicles in cities And forecasts of car park locations in these cities have been taken into consideration. The expansion of Mashhad in recent decades and the increasing number of cars and related problems such as traffic, increased fuel consumption, air pollution, waste of time citizens etc. The need to pay attention to the use of urban public parking in urban development plans is increasingly emphasized. Currently, District 1 of Mashhad Municipality is facing traffic and environmental problems due to its high density of administrative and commercial uses. Therefore, locating public parking spaces to reduce traffic congestion and its problems seems to be an effective step in urban planning. This is an applied and descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected through library and field studies from relevant organizations. Arc GIS and fuzzy logic model-ANP were used for these analyzes. According to the studies carried out in this field, 8 criteria for parking location were selected and using ANP model and fuzzy logic, each criterion was weighted and mapped in ARC GIS software and finally different layers on The convention and the right place to build a public parking lot have been identified. The results of this study show that the distribution of public parking lots is in good condition but the number of parking lots is less than the demand.

Nowadays, worn-out urban structures, as a valuable part of the main structure of any city, do not have a good adaptation to the living conditions of citizens today. In other words, lack of proper access to the standards of modern life, lack of vitality and viability are among the main problems of these tissues. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is a comparative assessment of urban viability and housing replacement of the dilapidated fabric of Qeydar city.The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method and to achieve this goal, two sections of documentary and field studies (questionnaire) were used. According to the research needs, SPSS, Arc Gis, Lisrel software and network analysis technique have been used.The results of the research indicate the importance of the subject in both theoretical and practical formats: The theoretical feature of this research is to contribute to the professional development and expansion of the scientific literature on the subject of urban viability, and its practical value is that considering Existence of various factors affecting the viability status, different species of this status were observed in the worn-out area of ​​Qeydar city. So that Shariati alley with the average index (60/5) of species No. 1, Takhti (50/2) species No. 2, the tomb of the Prophet (PBUH) (48) species No. 3, Baba al-Hawaij (46/2) species No. 4 and Sarcheshmeh and Chaleh Mahalla neighborhoods (44/2) are in category 5. Based on the results of Pearson correlation coefficient test, a direct and significant relationship (r = 0.992) is observed between viability and housing.This means that with increasing the level of livability in the dilapidated fabric of Qeydar city, the rate of housing in the fabric has also increased and there is a direct relationship between these two variables, and in terms of livability and housing in Shariati neighborhoods (11/06) (2.89) and Takhti (10.98) (2.86) have a higher score than other neighborhoods in the dilapidated area of ​​Qeydar city, and as a result, they seem more desirable and pleasant in terms of living.

Routes are dynamic urban spaces that are known as environments of social life. These layers of urban design beautify the cities as links between the private and public spheres. Thus, it appears imperative to heed environmental qualities and to systematize them for the purpose of attendance and interaction in social activities. This research is a descriptive-analytical method to evaluate sociability. Analyzing the effects of the quality of man-made environment on, the research was conducted in 2021. Besides documentary-research studies, field data were collected by distributing questionnaires. They were analyzed using SPSS and PLS in the form of T-Test and path analysis model. The findings in the form of T-Test displayed that space is associated with sociability, though its environmental quality is assessed at a moderate scale. Also, results of path analysis model with path coefficient and significance level of 0.000 exhibit a significant relationship between environmental quality and spatial sociability. So that about half of the changes in the sociability are predicted and interpreted by environmental quality with a coefficient of determination of 0.462. Factors such as inviting spaces, attracting different groups, order of visits, interactions and to some extent the possibility of gatherings, with an impact factor of 0.659, 0.457, 0.322, 0.318, and 0.142 respectively, at a significance level of less than 0.05, are substantially affected by environmental quality. It can be said that despite the relative environmental quality, the location and consequently easy access, as well as the lack of other sustainable and attractive urban spaces in Mahabad, has caused the study space to be considered sociable. At the same time, this sociability is seriously affected by environmental quality, therefore, organizing different dimensions of environmental quality provides a more social and sustainable environment.