مجله اللغه العربیه و آدابها
سال نوزدهم شماره 59 (شتاء 2023)

Human societies have always faced the difficulties and challenges of life. Technical texts often appeared as a contribution to solving these problems. In the Islamic world, especially in Palestine, the way to deal with the occupier is one of the most important issues, and different countries and organizations have different positions in this regard. Hence, many discourses related to the question of Palestine arose, which were reflected in artistic and literary texts. In the same context, cinema, as one of the most powerful and effective means of expression by reflecting discourses in societies, was an appropriate platform for understanding different ideas in this regard. In Palestinian cinema, a part of Palestinian art and literature can also be seen. The main theme of this research is to analyze how political and social issues, especially views of resilience and sustainability, are reflected in the movie "Paradise Now". This issue is very important. Because by revealing the contents of the speeches in the movie "Paradise Now", gives the reader a new perspective on the issues of Palestine. From this standpoint, this article seeks to shed light on the semiotics of this cinematic text, relying on Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse analysis. One of the most important results of this research is the existence of many discourses in the field of standing against the occupiers. Among these discourses is the armed struggle through martyrdom operations, and the other is finding new ways of fighting, each of which seeks to consolidate its intended meaning. This film, through its presentation of the different discourse ideas of the Palestinian society regarding the methods of standing against the occupiers, removes the veil from the bitter reality and shows how these discourses line up against the Zionist enemy.

To study the deep structure in the text to analyze the discourse in it, it is necessary to study the first semantic structures. The lexical images are a constructive and essential factor to begin to understand this structure; These vocabularies are the cornerstone of the process of revealing the general connotations in each text. These lexical images are used in nuclear morphology, as a tool for formulating formal paths that help in extracting the basic elements in it. The process of morphology contributes to deducing the first conceptual encounters, playing a prominent role in reaching rhetorical groupings in the general semantic field. The French scientist Algirdas Greimas worked on employing the outcome of the nuclear morphology process, to reveal the network of opposite relations in the text within the semiotic square that he created for this purpose within the framework of his semiotic theory. The semiotic square identifies the semiotic categories that form the semantic axes in the elements of the text and that shape the narrative discourse in the text. the poem “Scattered Spaces” by the poet Karim Maatouq contains many different and opposite letters and structures, three general discourses are revealed in the poem through two semiotic squares: the square of sadness and pleasure, and the square of fear and security. The research also dealt with the different networks of relationships that make up the discourses of the poem.

Analyzing the challenges of remote virtual Arabic education, according to the opinions of teachers and students The study aimed to analyze the distance virtual language education according to students (grammar and literature as a model) and students (grammar and literature as a model) and the difference of statistically significant differences in the analysis and analysis of (289) teachers by (150) teachers, (139) schools and (400) Students with (187) male students and (213) females distributed over schools in the center of Karbala Governorate. The results also showed that the scale of the challenges that can be analyzed and invested when teaching the Arabic language from a distance came to a medium degree. There are no statistically significant differences in the challenges of virtual distance learning Arabic, according to the opinions of teachers and students of grammar, according to gender. There are statistically significant differences in the challenges of virtual distance teaching the Arabic language according to the opinions of the literature subject teachers, according to gender, in favor of females. There are statistically significant differences in the challenges of virtual distance teaching the Arabic language according to the student's opinions of literature subject according to gender, in favor of males. There are statistically significant differences in the challenges of teaching the Arabic language by default, according to years of experience and in favor of greater experience.

The irony of poets who were able to portray the bitter and paradoxical realities of society has a special place. Iron has particular methods for correcting the inaccuracy and decreasing extremist tendencies in society. This research tries to acquaint the reader with the situation that society suffers by expressing the humorous methods of Abdul Sabour and Shams Langroudi and based on the comparative courses, we conclude that these specific courses are: 1-When depicting some situations by image heterogeneity the incompatibility of two opposite sides become clear and from this incompatibility new concepts are created and irony becomes bitter and acrimonious .2-Visual simulation imitates literary works and then seek new goals.3-Caricature by highlighting a problem or idea, make it ugly and out of ordinary. By doing this kind of thing they want people to return to dignity, unity, endurance, and resistance and not to hand over the key to country to traitors and avoid enmity, hatred, and lies that the devil rules over but their difference is due to their intellectual orientation. Abdul Sabour depicts situations with a romantic, realistic, and ontological look but Langroudi represents with a surrealistic look that is sometimes mixed with realism.

Linguistic differences and different types of language between speakers of a society have long attracted the attention of linguists. Community culture helps to create different language behaviors. Therefore, it can be said that the culture of society is one of the main factors in creating linguistic differences. Given the importance of studying the culture of the community about the language spoken by the speakers of the community, this article tries to address the differences in language behaviors between the sexes in Kuwait's culture through the perspective of the local dialect. For example, common phrases in Kuwaiti dialects are mentioned: in the book "The Encyclopedia of the Kuwaiti Language" written by Abdul Qader Abdul Aziz Al-Rasheed and the book "The Dictionary of Kuwaiti Words" by Jalal Al-Hanafi, the book “Kuwaiti Folk Expressions” by Ghonima Fahd Al-Fahd and the book “Ateej Al-Souf: An Encyclopedia of the Kuwaiti Dialect” by Ons Issa Majed Al-Shaheen., as well as experienced and educated citizens and the elderly of Kuwait. The most important results of this article based on the descriptive-analytical approach are: that the culture of Kuwaiti society distinguishes men from women; Because men can do the best things that women can not do. Thus, through the Kuwaiti dialect, we find a kind of gender distinction in social status. Also, based on the examples studied in this article, it can be claimed that differences in the linguistic behavior of the sexes is are a global phenomenon and Kuwaiti society is no exception.

Since the main conflict in the Palestine issue is the struggle for land and place, the novelist’s place played an important role in the novel “The Strange Facts about the Disappearance of Said Abi Al-Nahas the Pessimist.” The place in which this novel is represented by a distinct symbolic role by which the writer presents the suffering of the Palestinian people through the suffering of the place by mentioning the many facets of him in his work. As for theorizing about space and space, there are semiotic theorists among them: Bashlar, Ghaleb Helsa, and Yuri Lutman. Yuri Lotman was a philosopher, linguist, and semis at the Soviet University of Tartu. Lutman is considered the founder of the Tartu School of Semiotics. He has authored more than 800 books. Among the most famous are: The World of Mind, Mechanisms of Unexpected Culture, Culture and Openness, and The Structure of Artistic Text. He "based his study in his last book on a set of spatial polarizations that appeared in the form of oppositional dualities that combine opposing elements and express the relationships and tensions that occur when the narrator or characters communicate with the places of events. Lutmann established an integrated theory of spatial polarizations based on the assumption that space is a group of homogeneous things from changing phenomena, states, functions, or forms, between which there are relationships similar to the usual normal spatial relations, such as connection and distance. Lutman divided space into four categories. From this point of view, we tried this article based on the descriptive-analytical approach, addressing the role of the place, especially the public places, and the endless place in the novel and its suggestive aspects. It is based on what Yuri Lumen has divided into four types: place, place, Public, and infinite place. We also tried a selective study of the place without a survey; because it requires a series of articles and can not be one article. The results indicate that Habiby shows in his novel the value of the historical cities. The city of Aleppo is used as a symbol of the slave and slave center. It also makes the pyramid a symbol of the branching within the reference to what Timor has done to kill and plunder ... and while we use Baghdad as a symbol of civilization and civilization, The mechanism of ablution. Habibi also shows his feelings and hopes when he uses the city of Haifa and Diamis Acre and tries to balance them. They are centers of launch, rescue, and happiness, and communication with the deep space and the relationship with the space object becomes the appearance of departure and rescue