نشریه مدیریت بهره وری
پیاپی 67 (زمستان 1402)

The utilization of data envelopment analysis models for assessing and ranking organizational performance is on the rise. One of the important challenges of this model is the diminishing of the decision-making unit’s precision when dealing with a multitude of inputs and outputs. Hence, the aim of the present research was to develop a comprehensive performance evaluation model while enhancing the resolution of decision-making units. To this end, a balanced scorecard was used to identify comprehensive indicators. At the same time, for the first time, two objective and subjective approaches based on factor analysis and fuzzy inference system were used simultaneously to reduce indicators and improve the resolution of decision-making units. This study used an explanatory-descriptive method and was conducted as an applied-developmental research. The statistical population for identifying performance evaluation indicators and developing fuzzy inference rules included the experts of higher education institutions of Semnan city. Moreover, twenty-four higher education institutions of Semnan city were selected for model testing. The researcher made two questionnaires for the data collection. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by content and construct validity, respectively. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha value and composite reliability of more than 0.7 respectively. The main accomplishment of the research can be designing a unified model with objective and subjective approaches to improve the resolution of decision units. In this regard, 26 indicators were identified and reduced to 8 structures by factor analysis. Also, the structures were scored by relying on the designed fuzzy inference system. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the resolution of decision-making units when utilizing the proposed model, in contrast to conventional models which are mostly based on objective and subjective methods. As a result, the number of effective units in the proposed model effectively reduced to 10. Additionally, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test and the calculation of the standard deviation of the efficiency scores revealed that the proposed model with an average rating of 48.29 and a dispersion of 0.221 has a lower efficiency rating and a greater dispersion as compered to other models. This finding serves as a confirmation of the enhanced resolution achieved by the proposed model

The present study is an attempt to present a model of digital marketing capabilities in chain stores since, in recent years, customers tend to shop online to gain faster and easier services as well as new experiences, and digital marketing is tied with new concepts and terms such as Martech, Figital and Next technologies. However, the challenges and risks inherent in online digital shopping can erode trust and lead to subpar customer experiences, prompting shoppers to withdraw from the platform. Despite the importance of this issue, there is no model for digital marketing capabilities in chain stores so that the managers of these stores can identify their strengths and weaknesses, as well as their competitive advantage in this area. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts in marketing, information technology and chain stores of the country, using the qualitative data-based approach (Glaser), which was followed by open, selective and theoretical coding of the data using Maxqda software. Moreover, a systematic review of the previous research was done to enrich the dimensions extracted from the interviews, and based on this, the diamond model of digital marketing capabilities in chain stores was presented, which includes five dimensions: Martech Capability-Maintenance Technologies, Martech Capability-Transformational Technologies, Networking Capability, Digital Relations Capability and Marketing Capability for the Next Best Action, all of which result in the digital customer experience. Among the above mentioned dimensions, martech-transformative technologies due to the existence of the important components such as blockchain and artificial intelligence and the dimension of Next best action marketing are called meta-capabilities. Chain stores, using this model, can measure the level of their digital marketing capabilities and plan to achieve their desired situation.

The business cluster development model is a new method that has been used in the last two decades to develop and empower small and medium enterprises. Many countries, both developed and developing, have taken advantage of this development model to achieve regional development goals and improve the quality and quantity of their advantageous businesses located in a geographical area. In this research, the factors influencing the performance of business cluster development in Iran have been investigated using theme analysis and fuzzy cognitive map techniques. The data was collected using open interview tools and questionnaires. The present research encompasses the period from 2018 to 2021 and focuses on Iran, specifically examining all provinces where business cluster development plans have been enacted. Based on the model obtained from the fuzzy cognitive map method, the most important factor that affects the performance of business cluster development initiatives is financing of the plans and projects. On the other hand, the most crucial factor for effectiveness is the augmentation of collaborative efforts. Finally, based on the identification of the most important affected and influencing factors, backward and forward scenarios related to the performance of business cluster development plans were examined.

The Asian Productivity Organization (APO) reports a one percent increase in Iran's Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index when compared to the majority of Asian countries and some reference countries in the long-term horizon of 50 years. In fact, the growth of labor productivity between 2010 and 2019 was less than all Asian countries. The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a productivity pattern based on social capital.  Using the meta-synthesis approach and MaxQDA software, and after selecting 79 studies from among 580 previous studies, the dimensions, components and indicators of the model were extracted and identified. Based on the research findings, 9 dimensions, 24 main categories and 163 sub-categories (code)were identified. The nine dimensions are trust building, communication management, learning and growth, cultural factors, facilitator strategies, organizational factors, human resources, achieving sustainable development and profitability. The results of the emphasis of the previous research on each of the main categories using Shannon entropy technique and Excel software showed that growth and maturity and economic programs are the most important and the least important categories among the 24 categories, respectively. It is suggested that all managers update the human capital management process in accordance with the social capital based productivity pattern by hiring expert consultants and creating a special office for productivity management. Then, while periodically evaluating productivity based on the proposed pattern, all payments, bonuses and promotions of employees and managers should be base on the amount of their effort and participation in order to increase social capital and productivity.

Human resource productivity is one of the fundamental strategies to increase the performance and survival of today's organizations. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humble leadership on human resource productivity with the mediating role of psychological security at Lorestan University. In terms of purpose, the present study is an applied research which is of the causal type. The statistical population of the study was 440 employees of Lorestan University, based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, from among whom a sample of 205 people was selected by stratified random sampling.  In order to measure the variables of the research, Owens et al’s humble leadership (2013), Carmeli et al’s psychological security (2010) and Hersey and Goldsmith 's (1980) human resource productivity questionnaires have been used. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistical methods have been used. Additionally, to analyze the research data, structural equation modeling and pls software have been employed. The findings demonstrated that humble leadership, when coupled with psychological security, exerts a positive influence on human resource productivity.

In the dawn of this new era and the development of knowledge-based economy, entrepreneurship has been recognized as a fundamental factor in the economic progress of countries. Hence, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of students' entrepreneurial social identity on their entrepreneurial intention, considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, using the structural equation method. The statistical population of this research was male and female students of Urmia Technical and Vocational University in the academic year 1399-1400, who had completed entrepreneurship units in their courses. As a census, Linan and Chen's (2009) standard entrepreneurial intention questionnaire, Di-Nabel et al.'s (1999) entrepreneurial self-efficacy questionnaire, and Zeiger et al.'s (2016) entrepreneurial identity questionnaire were administered to all students. Finally, 267 questionnaires were examined as a sample. The results indicated that there exists a statistically significant positive relationship between the entrepreneurial social identity of the students in both dimensions of Darwinian identity and Missionarie identity and their entrepreneurial intention (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it was found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a mediating role in this relationship (p < 0.001). Therefore, it is recommended that in providing entrepreneurship trainings and also in the related policies, the compatibility of these trainings with students’ social identity style should be taken into consideration in order to increase their entrepreneurial productivity.

The main purpose of this study was to provide a suitable model for maintaining the intellectual capital in Iran. This study employed a descriptive research method, utilizing a survey strategy, and is applied in nature, matching the research objectives. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analyltical method, in particular, theme analysis. Data collection was done in two ways:  the library method and the field method, conducting semi-structured interviews with experts using snowball sampling technique as well as electronic questionnaires). In the data analysis, structural equation modeling analysis method and SPSS and Smart PLS software were used.The research context was Tehran and the statistical population of researchers included seven hundred people. However, due to the lack of knowledge about variance and the probability of success or failure of the variables and also the limited society, statistical formulas could not be used to estimate the sample size. Therefore, Morgan's sampling table was used. Based on the Morgan's table, the sample was 248 people. In this regard,339 electronic questionnaires were sent in cyberspace and 244 electronic questionnaires were received.After identifying the influential components and determining the extent and intensity of their impact, the researchers reached the six components along with a mediating variable of "e-government" and a moderating variable of "conflict of interest".The priority of effectiveness of the six components that were addressed in this research are as follows.1- Technological ecosystem creation policies, 2- Elite-oriented and merit-based administrative system policies, 3- Legal-political policies, 4- Learning organization strategy, structure, culture, knowledge, 5- Economic policies, and 6- Social policies- Cultural.

The complexities of the environment in competitive arenas among military organizations and the increasing expectations of countries and governments have revealed the necessity of knowing the strengths and weaknesses of military organizations and the continuous improvement of key components. Therefore, one of the basic concerns of these organizations, and in particular the strategic navy of the army, which has started world-class operations, is to improve the productivity of major logistics centers. Considering the importance of logistics processes in the strategic navy of the army, the purpose of this research was to provide a framework to measure the efficiency of these centers. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. The data was collected in two steps. In the first step, using interviews and questionnaires with a fuzzy Delphi approach, the components of logistics efficiency of Nedaja have been identified in two phases. In the second step, the weights of the criteria were determined using a questionnaire and information analysis with the Shannon entropy method. Moreover, the performance of four major logistics centers of the Navy was investigated during the first quarter of 1401, using the Promethee method. The results showed that the fourth logistics center was the most productive center in the mentioned time frame. Finally, a framework was presented to review and improve the efficiency of the major logistics centers of the strategic navy of the army.

The purpose of this research was to provide an effective implementation model of the privatization policy. This research is categorized as a mixed-method study according to its practical purpose and the method employed for the data collection and analysis. To present this model, an algorithm was designed, based on which the work steps were carried out. Initially, the related literature and similar studies were reviewed and the effective implementation factors were identified. Then, eight experts who were involved in drafting and implementing the privatization policy in the recent years were selected and interviewed. The interview data was analyzed using an interpretive method and the key factors contributing to the effectiveness of the privatization policy were identified. The factors obtained from the literature review and interviews were examined and integrated to formulate the initial model. In the quantitative part, from among the statistical population of 150 people, including experts who were involved in privatization, 120 experts were selected. Next, the factors and initial model obtained from the qualitative section were analyzed for validation. For this purpose, first, hierarchical clustering was done to cluster the factors, and based on the initial model, a questionnaire was developed. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the data was collected. Since the data was not normal based on K-S test, the binomial test was used and the questions were answered, and the initial model was confirmed. The validity of the model was checked using confirmatory factor analysis and was confirmed. This model is proposed based on the analysis of the activities conducted in alignment with the Iran’s privatization policy during the period from 1380 to 1398, following the establishment of privatization organization.

Human resource productivity is one of the main concerns of managers of organizations, and they always try to identify factors affecting productivity, one of which is employee welfare. The purpose of the present research is to identify the components of the welfare affairs of the property and document registration staff in East Azerbaijan Province in order to provide a suitable model. In this qualitative research, metacombination strategy and content analysis are employed. The studied population included 110 articles, dissertations and Persian and English books written from 2015 to 2022, among which 56 items that were more relevant to the purpose of the present research were purposefully selected as the sample of the study, coded and classified. Then, the main themes were extracted, consolidated, rethought and rearranged. The findings show that the well-being model can be classified into three dimensions: mental, objective and social: the main themes of mental well-being include twelve categories, the objective well-being includes eight categories, and the social well-being includes twelve categories. Therefore, it seems crucial to pay attention to various dimensions of the welfare of the registry office employees. The present model, designed for the welfare of the employees, makes it possible to provide suitable grounds for their health and job satisfaction, and in this way, increase their productivity.