نشریه بررسی های نوین تاریخی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار، تابستان، پاییز و زمستان 1402)

In general, the researchers of the historical issues of the Middle East and the history of Islam in Iran and other Islamic lands in the modern era, relying on the historical sources of the past centuries as well as the historiographical approaches of the European Orientalism and Islamology currents, have considered the expansion of Islam mainly the result of the Arabs’ sword fights and their conquests, and with little attention to some documentary reflections and making comparative comparisons and time and place feasibility studies, what is written in the ancient sources of Islamic history under the titles of “conquests and Maghazi” and the like have been introduced as the main lines of developments in the history of the growth and expansion of Islam. Naturally, one of the reasons for this issue, regardless of some approaches of ideological historiography schools of the new era, has been the inevitability of later researchers in using ancient writings, but in these contemporary studies, issues such as paying attention to historical material works in the fields of art and Architecture and archeology are considered less. On the other hand, some of the few studies that have been done so far, which contain new and different views on the sources of Islamic history, including the history of Islam in the land of Spain, by providing logical and documented reasons, and conducting comparative studies and feasibility studies of time and place of a more documented picture and according to the reality of how Islam spread 1. This article was previously presented in the form of a speech at the international conference “ Cultural Dialogue and Iran and Spain”, Tehran, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, November 26-27, 2018, and its full text is presented for the first time in this It will be published. 2. Assistant professor of History, Faculty member of the National Library and Archives of I.R. of Iran; tarafdary@yahoo.com and entered other lands, especially the Iberian Peninsula and Spain, they have been given less attention and revision. In this sense, the present article tries to review the way and how the spread of Islam in the Iberian Peninsula and Andalusia, based on the book “Seven Centuries of Rise and Fall of Islamic Civilization in Spain” by Ignacio Olagoue.

The Corcoran carpet, a woven carpet from the Safavid era, was referred to as sickle leaf carpets or spear leaf carpets by Western researchers when classifying carpet designs. Various regions in Iran have been associated with the production of Corcoran carpets. In 2017, this particular rug was sold at Sotheby’s for £5 million. It is believed that the design of this carpet was either created by Ghiyathuddin Naqshband Yazdi or influenced by Ghiyath’s design style. The author of the article speculates that Herat is the primary location for weaving this carpet. Additionally, the article briefly mentions the distinctive features of some renowned painters from these schools, who have made significant contributions to identifying the origins of modern Iranian carpet patterns. These painters play an important role in this regard.

The focus of this article is on the reforms implemented in the realm of modern education within Iranian society during the Qajar era. Amin al-Dawlah, the chancellor of Muzaffaruddin Shah from Dhu Qadah 1314 to Muharram 1316, prioritized the modernization of education and the establishment of schools as part of his reform agenda. His support for individuals like Mirza Hassan Rushdieh, who pioneered new elementary schools and introduced a new teaching style for the alphabet, contributed to the success of these new educational institutions. Additionally, under his guidance and with the involvement of key figures in education, the “Education Association” was established for the first time. This association marked a significant milestone in civil engagement within the realm of culture, particularly in the efforts to establish new schools. Its formation as a civil organization aimed to support various goals such as educational policy-making, fundraising, library development, and book publishing. Over time, the association gradually expanded its scope of activities to encompass other cultural and educational endeavors. During their meetings, members of the association deliberated on strategies to address these issues and progressively broadened their involvement in other cultural and educational domains. This period witnessed the establishment of programs and regulations, the compilation of internal rules, the organization of charitable events, and the supervision of both public and private school groups. This article provides an analysis of the progression of these developments.

In his book “The Rising of the People,” Naser Porpirar raises doubts about the reign of Naser al-Din Shah and his journey to Europe. A significant portion of his work focuses on analyzing photographs of Naseruddin Shah in Iran, as well as Mozafaruddin Shah’s photographs, the Constitution, and other less significant materials. This article thoroughly examines the most crucial statements after scrutinizing and disproving Porpirar’s claims regarding Naseruddin Shah’s European trip. By consulting various sources and photo archives, the article also establishes the inaccuracy of Porpirar’s assertions. It becomes evident that Porpirar lacks familiarity with historical and photographic sources in these materials, and his flawed investigative approach yields incorrect outcomes, similar to his previous cases.

Without a doubt, Seyyed Javad Tabatabai’s theory stands out among the various Iranian theories and is widely regarded as one of the most significant theories of our time. The intricacy of Tabatabai’s discussions, coupled with the historical backdrop in which they take place, as well as the extensive body of literature written about Iran over the past century, have bestowed a unique status upon his project. While Tabatabai has occasionally been criticized for being contradictory and experiencing intellectual gaps, his discussions consistently follow a coherent intellectual trajectory. Therefore, delving into the intellectual framework of this thinker and examining the components of his ideas can aid in uncovering this intellectual trajectory. In light of this, the following article endeavors to analyze the dimensions and foundations of Seyed Javad Tabatabai’s research program through a historical lens, with the aim of gaining an understanding, even if only a glimpse, into this thinker’s plan.

The Taliban’s lack of compatibility with the international community and their inability to gain political legitimacy in Afghanistan prevented the international community from recognizing the Islamic Emirate of Taliban in 1991. However, in 2021, after gaining control of the country, the Taliban managed to address these issues, align themselves with the international community, and establish political legitimacy. By engaging in international relations without extremism, the group may be able to secure its political survival within the global framework. Therefore, the central question of this study is whether the international community officially recognizes the Taliban as a legitimate government. Through a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study demonstrates that the Taliban group has established itself as a government by possessing a defined territory, a permanent population, a functioning government, the ability to engage with other states, and the capacity to govern. Furthermore, by moderating its extremist positions, the group has potentially distanced itself from being labeled as a terrorist organization, leading certain countries like the United States to implicitly acknowledge its legitimacy.

Several political figures and members of the cabinet have attempted to compile their experiences, perspectives, and ambitions into one or more volumes following the revolution. They have chosen to publish these works without considering their historiographical origins or societal demands. Among these compilations is Dr. Moien’s oral history of Iran’s higher education. This 470-page collection features thematic discussions by Dr. Moien, his assistants, and advisors, delving into the content and intellectual origins of their work. In the following sections, we will explore these aspects along with the critique of certain issues