نشریه سفینه
پیاپی 80 (پاییز 1402)

Prayer Nudbeh is one of the famous Shiite prayers whose theme is asking for help from Imam Asr. This prayer proposes the course of the righteous front in the form of prophecy, from Adam to the end of the Prophet, and then refers to the province as a continuation of the prophecy. At the same time as the provincial flow in the prayer of Nudbeh,It is also unveiled from a front called the mischief, which apparently has been in the opposite of the prophecy from the beginning and complements the constant battle of truth and falsehood.
The question is why this stream is not clearly mentioned from the beginning of prayer and along the prophecy front? This study examines the answer to the question by relying on the textual analysis of the themes of prayer and using the historical analysis method. The findings indicate that the mischief front appears to be waiting to destroy the truth front in the world with the end of the life of the prophets but the emergence of the Imamate and Provincial line is so anxious and desperate for the leaders to abandon all compliments and covers and enter the field with all the powers to fight this stream.

Mahdaviyyat (the belief in the Mahdi (the guided one)) is one of the fundamental beliefs and necessities of Shia Islam and even Islam as a whole. Opposing currents within Islam, such as Wahhabism, attempt to eradicate the foundation of belief in Imamate and consequently destroy the essential structure of Muhammadan Islam. They strive to create doubts by questioning the lifespan of Imam Mahdi (may Allah hasten his reappearance), casting suspicion on his birth, and sowing seeds of uncertainty regarding the existence of Imam Al-Mahdi (may Allah hasten his reappearance) due to discrepancies in narrations about his names and titles. Their goal is to dismantle the main pillar of the life of Islam and Shia, which is the belief in the living and present Imam and introduce a selective form of Islam to the people. This is even though the Sunni narrations themselves are filled with explicit references to the existence of Imam Al-Mahdi (may Allah hasten his reappearance) and emphasize his characteristics and attributes. In recent years, a book titled “Mataa Yashreqo Nouroka, Toorako Ayyohal Muntazar” (Your Light Illuminates, you will be Abandoned, O Muntazar) has been published in Saudi Arabia. Its author, Usman Ibn Muhammad Al- Khamis, has sought to re-examine the concept of Mahdaviyyat impartially based on Shia narrations. However, the book is replete with misleading, unreal, and distorted content, aligning with Wahhabi beliefs. This article aims to first provide a detailed typology of the narrations in that book and then critically examine some of its textual and documentary aspects. The research method employed in this study is text-centric, utilizing the principles of hadith jurisprudence, and in some narrations, in addition to textual analysis, the chain of transmission (sanad) is also scrutinized. The research findings indicate that the author, contrary to research principles, deliberately and extensively engages in verbal and conceptual distortions attempting to deny the belief in Mahdaviyyat. The main hadith jurisprudential evidence in refuting the author’s claim includes identifying verbal distortions such as additions to the narration, unjustified omissions, and alterations, and highlighting conceptual distortions such as distorting the content of the narration (interpretations based on personal and biased opinions), disassociating the hadith from its context, and citing narrations from unreliable and non-authentic sources.

One of the historical facts about the recitation of the Qur’an is the difference in recitation. The emergence of different readings is the result of two types that can be divided into natural and ijtihad causes. According to the research, a series of causes have been done naturally, which have also been addressed by students and commentators of Qur’anic sciences, such as: differences in Arabic words and accents, empty words from signs, Arabic and dots in The beginning of Islam includes the absence of the extended letter in the structure of words and the negligence of the scribes of the word of revelation in writing the exact calligraphy of the Qur’an. On the other hand, issues such as prejudice and selfishness of some readers in presenting new readings, ignorance of Arabic rules, competition between readers, imposition of morphological and syntactic rules, have been the ijtihad causes of some readers in the development of readings. By referring to the historical texts of reading books, the effect of readers’ ijtihad on Islamic sciences can be clearly seen.

The concept of Ghadir hadith, which is known in the Imamiyya as one of the most important evidences of the Caliphate of the Amir al-Mu'minin, has been denied by the Sunnis for many years. After accepting the issuance of the hadith, he considers the meaning of "Mawla" in the text of the hadith as "Nasser" or "lover". Undoubtedly, one of the most important evidences for the correct understanding of the words of each person is the understanding of the audience and the contemporaries of the speaker. Because both in terms of time and in terms of gathering evidence, they are the most complete people to identify the speaker.
This article tries to discover the companions' perception of this word by describing and analyzing evidence from the attitudes of the companions and contemporaries of the Prophet in Sunni sources. Meanwhile, not only in the incident of Ghadir itself, but also after that, cases have occurred that show the understanding of the companions of Ghadir's hadith.
After examining the sources on the basis of evidence, it will be found that the word Mawla explicitly means "priority in possession" for the audience of the Holy Prophet.

In this article, the innate monotheistic knowledge of the Almighty is explained through the lens of “Divine Names and Attributes are distinct with His Essence,” grounded in the recognition of the reality of “otherness/ distinction/separation”. The article also points out the significance of Divine Names and Attributes in this type of knowledge through verses, highlighting a monotheistic knowledge with the characteristic of “perplexity”. It is emphasized that the result of this monotheistic knowledge with the specific feature of “perplexity” involves glorification and negation of immanence through Quranic verses and Divine Names and Attributes, despite considering the reality of created beings, including Divine Attributes and Names described as “contraries.” The article delves into the special feature of monotheistic knowledge, namely its “perplexity,” through the linguistic analysis of the divine word “Allah” and the alignment of this linguistic analysis with narrational sources in the definition of “Divine Monotheism.” Furthermore, the article clarifies the inconsistency between “Absolute Monotheism” or “Monotheism of the Being” and “Real Monotheism” through distinguishing it from this feature of “perplexity”. Finally, it becomes evident that the theory of “Negation along with Immanence” from the perspective of the branch of mystical sciences, is firstly a clear contradiction, which serves as a testimony to the nullification of “Absolute Monotheism.” Secondly, this theory is merely “Pure Immanence”, in direct conflict with “Negation of Immanence” and “Pure Transcendence” in “Real Monotheism” in Islamic jurisprudence.

In religious discourse, the presentation of miracles has always been discussed as one of the signs of Prophethood. With the end of Prophethood, the question arises of how to manifest the divine nature of the call to someone who has not experienced the era of the Prophets, especially the last Prophet. How can the divine nature of their invitation, and particularly the last Prophet, be made clear to humans so that they can be convinced to follow their teachings?
To answer this question, it is important to consider that what never becomes obsolete and always holds unlimited attraction for humans over the years and centuries is “knowledge and understanding.” One of the most important characteristics of modern humans is their complete attention to various scientific fields.
Therefore, the Almighty God, to confirm the mission and authenticity of the call, has made humans of all ages after the Seal of the Prophets (peace be upon him) guided by the knowledge and understanding contained in His revealed book. The Holy Quran has provided clear explanations in various scientific fields, indicating the fact that revelation to the noble Prophet (peace be upon him) is not limited to the people of the past and a specific era; rather, it is a guiding light for all humans in all periods until the Day of Judgment.
The Holy Quran’s references to the realities of the natural world, which are among the discoveries of humans in the modern era, as well as the fundamental concepts it presents in the field of human sciences, provide sufficient and clear evidence for those who seek knowledge and justice in the modern era to discover the divine nature of this book and consider its teachings as a guide to their happiness. For these important purposes, the Holy Quran has never interpreted such evidence as miracles; instead, it employs words like verse, clear sign, light, and evidence, all stem from the root of knowledge and awareness.

This field study aims to conduct a content analysis of al-Dhari’a ila Tasanif al-Shi’a as regards the books on imamate. It observes the sources using a checklist on which the required information is registered.

Research method and community: 

The books on the subject of imamate were selected using such keywords as imīmat, al-īmāma, amīr al-mu’mīnīn, khilāfat, and al-khīlapha. Two tools were utilized to collect, organize, and assess the data. First, a researcher-made checklist consisting of 11 indexes: place, century, language, volume of explanations, shape and form of the work, being primary or secondary, citation, references, format (printed, scribed and printed, scribed and lost), the author’s denomination, and footnotes. Second, providing a table for definitions, and coding and categorizing the 11 indexes.  The statistical population of the study included all the 724 works on imamate in al-Dhari’a ila Tasanif al-Shi’a.

The research findings showed that most of the sources (397 works out of 724) introduced by Sheikh Aqa Buzurg Tehrani had been observed by himself. Most of the works (545 titles) were in Arabic. The most compositions (121 titles) were scribed/printed and maintained in different towns of Iraq. The most works (169 titles) that were examined belonged to the twentieth century. 684 works were in prose. The most works (307 titles) were manuscripts. Provided for 333 works, the medium volume of explanations on the works was most frequent. 705 works were primary sources and without references. Imamate Shiites have produced most of the works (703 titles). 12 works have footnotes. 313 works have cited other works.

Knowing the dimensions and angles of the personality of Hazrat Reza (a.s.) with regard to the behaviorist attitude is such that it will affect every free and thoughtful person. Imam (AS) has given a high place to ethics and science in the direction of scientific promotion and stability of individual and social relations, and in these two categories, he has presented a clear picture of the use of reform methods based on moral components and the publication and promotion of science.
Answering doubts and participating in debates, excellent debates, with the description of the comprehensiveness of science and Saa Sadr, the teaching of worldview beliefs and moral sermons, express the great respect of His Holiness (PBUH) in Islamic science and moral education and indicators. This article is trying to clarify a corner of the dimensions of the personality of His Holiness through a descriptive and analytical method and to present a perfect model in behavioral and practical behavior to those who are thirsty for truth and those who are educated. Also, considering the timeless capacity of Imam Reza's (AS) words, he tries to analyze and introduce his moral and scientific behavior under the debates in a new research, and finally in the light of increasing knowledge in this field and considering what the truth of behavior and action is. and the separation of its layers is achieved, correct behavior and correct performance in society in general and especially in Islamic societies are spread.