نشریه مشاوره و روان درمانی خانواده
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Choosing an effective treatment method to improve family functions has always been the focus of counselors and psychotherapists. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of couple behavioral-integrated therapy and Gottman couple therapy approaches on marital boredom and resilience of couples with marital conflict. The research method was a single-case asynchronous multiple baseline design. The statistical population included all couples who were referred to Shamim Counseling Center in the winter of 2020. Samples were selected using the available non-random sampling method, which included 6 pairs of people who referred to this center, who according to the results of the Marital Relationship Quality Questionnaire (Fletcher et al, 2000; citing Madani, 2017) were classified as conflicting couples and They were randomly replaced in two groups. Gottman's treatment protocols (Gottman & Gottman, 2015) and behavioral-integrated (Poor Sardar, 2021) was performed in two to four stages baseline, 16-session intervention, and two-month follow-up. Participants answered the Marital Boredom Questionnaire (Paniz,2003) and Couples Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003). Data were analyzed by visual drawing, stable change index, and recovery percentage. The results showed that Gottman's method was more comprehensive and stable in terms of the magnitude of change, generality and stability, and the level of recovery of conflicting couples in the Gottman method and behavioral integration in the post-treatment stage compared to the behavioral-integrated method. Follow-up was marital boredom (44.55), (37.14), and couple resilience (45.69) and (38.79) percent, respectively. Based on the results, it can be said that despite the effectiveness of the two intervention methods, Gottman's method has played a more effective role in improving and reducing marital boredom and resilience of couples.

Considering that achieving marital compatibility requires a set of awareness in the field of choosing a spouse, the necessity of pre-marriage education is felt to help people. The present study aimed to investigate the role of premarital education and counseling in the formation of a positive attitude toward marriage and marital success from the perspective of youth and family counselors. The design of the present study was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study included all students of the University of Guilan in 2021, from which a sample of 461 people was selected by available sampling, as well as psychologists working in institutions. Education and research of Guilan province, 95 experienced specialists in psychology and counseling were purposefully selected. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire including two sections on demography and studying the views of young people and family counselors was used. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire including two sections on demography and studying the views of young people and family counselors was used. From the perspective of young people, the most important factor concerning a positive attitude towards marriage was the range of factors affecting education with an average of 3.71. From the experts' point of view, the positive attitude towards marriage had an average of 3.64, in other words, the attitude of expert respondents was higher than average. The youth prioritized the dimensions of the factors affecting education, the necessity, and outcome of education and counseling, educational content, and finally the provision of education. Specialists prioritized the dimensions of the factors affecting education, the necessity, and outcome of training and counseling, training delivery, and finally training content. In the long run, mandating premarital counseling can show how much it will contribute to marital success and family strength.

The evolutionary history affected by family upbringing, especially psychological traits related to traumatic events, bonds, relationships, and family connections play a significant role in people's basic feelings.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between childhood abuse experiences and psychological security.

The research method was the correlation of the type of structural equation modeling. The population of this study included all undergraduate students of Lorestan University in the academic year 2021-2022. The statistical sample size was determined based on Klein's thumb rule equal to 240 people which was done by available sampling method and online questionnaire. The instruments used in this study were the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein, Stein, Newcomb, & et al, 2003) University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA, 1978; Russell, Peplau & Ferguson), and the Psychological Security Questionnaire (PSQ, 2004; cited in Shams & Khalijian, 2014). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling statistical method and by the SPSS-22, and AMOS-24 software.

The results showed that Childhood abuse experiences have a direct relationship with psychological security (β=-0.15, P=0.019) and an indirect effect on psychological security due to loneliness (β=-0.44, P=0.002).In addition, the feeling of loneliness had a direct effect on psychological security (β=0.79, P=0.001).

According to the results of childhood abuse experiences, they play a big role in feeling lonely, and because feeling lonely can be the source of many psychological problems of people; therefore, providing a suitable environment from childhood can greatly help to increase psychological security.

Identifying factors affecting marital burnout and people's awareness of the underlying causes of marital burnout will save couples from confusion and ambiguity and will show them a healthy way of living and a rational attitude. The present research was conducted to explain the process of formation of marital burnout in women with addicted spouses with a grounded theory approach. The current research was conducted using a qualitative, grounded theory method. In this research, the statistical population included women with an age range of 25-45 years and whose husband was addicted to narcotic drugs (industrial and traditional) in Qorveh City in 2021 and 2022, referring to Niko-Salamt clinic at Qorveh City. The samples were selected by purposeful sampling, the sample volume in this study reached saturation with 17 people, and a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data. To facilitate the process of coding and analysis, MAXQDA software was used. Factors influencing the process of formation of marital burnout in women with addicted spouses background factors including individual, psychological, and interpersonal factors; revealing factors including family, personality, and communication factors; sustainable factors including social, cultural, and environmental factors; and aggravating factors including emotional, lifestyle and sexual factors were identified and extracted. Several factors play a role in the formation of marital apathy in women with addicted husbands, and by identifying them in different environments, cultures, and societies, effective measures can be taken to reduce marital burnout and even prevent it. He regulated and compiled about addiction and created the field of public awareness.

The aim of the present study was to qualitatively investigate the role of traumatic family factors in the formation of non-adaptive defense mechanisms of people with borderline personality disorder. In order to carry out this qualitative research, 10 people with borderline personality disorder were selected from among the clients of Razi Hospital in Tabriz by purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. These people were diagnosed with borderline personality disorder by hospital psychiatrists. The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews with open questions. After the implementation, the information obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin model in three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding. The authenticity and validity of the present research was rooted in the four axes of "believability, transferability, verifiability and reliability". Findings from the interviews with the participants in the field of family injuries and the formation of non-adaptive defense mechanisms using the data theory study of the foundation, in the three main categories of "family traumatic factors", "Childhood injuries" and "non-adaptive defense mechanisms" and several sub-categories were summarized and finally led to the extraction of a paradigm model in the formation of non-adaptive defense mechanisms of people with borderline personality disorder. In general, the results of the present study have shown that traumatic family factors play a role in the formation of non-adaptive defense mechanisms of people with borderline personality disorder.

Child marriage is one of the social phenomenon and can cause many injuries. To deal with the injuries of this phenomenon, it is necessary to know its consequences. The present study was conducted to identify the consequences of child marriage. The research method was a phenomenological study. The study population was all women with child marriage experience in Tehran province 15 people were selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods and the selection of samples went to saturation stage. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded and written word by word and were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. In the coding stage, 12 sub-themes were identified and then the sub-themes were conceptually put together and 5 main themes were identified. The results showed that child marriage can cause injuries to personal and marital health. In addition, women in child marriage experience may experience injuries such as anxiety and social isolation, dropout and unemployment, and economic dependence. According to the research findings, child marriage is traumatic and can have irreparable consequences on personal, marital, family, and social life. The results of this research can have many practical implications.

 Various psychological factors can be effective in how a person adapts to negative life experiences.  This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of imago and acceptance and commitment couple therapy on Emotion Regulation Strategies in Couples applying for a divorce.  The Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest follow-up. The statistical population of the study was all couples who were referred to one of the counseling centers under the contract of the Armed Forces and the sample included 45 couples (15 couples in each group). They were randomly selected by convenience sampling with replacement. Couples participated in the study for 9 sessions. There was not any treatment for the control group. The research questionnaire was the emotion regulation questionnaire by Gross & John (2003). The participants filled out the questionnaire in three stages including the pre-test, the post-test, and the follow-up. Finally, an Analysis of variance was done by covariance analysis and repeated measures.  The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of acceptance and commitment couple therapy is significantly greater than that of imago couple therapy, in increasing emotion regulation strategies among couples applying for divorce (p<0.01).  The results of the current study can be used in clinical and therapeutic interventions to increase Cognitive Emotion Regulation, especially for couples on the Brink of Divorce.

Since two gender groups are established in societies, it is not surprising that some parents suffer from psychological problems due to shame and embarrassment as soon as they learn about their children's gender selection. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a parenting program based on mindfulness on depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers with children with gender dysphoria. The research design was a semi-experimental type with an experimental group and a control group, in which a pre-test-post-test design with a follow-up period was used. The statistical population of the research was made up of all mothers with children with gender dysphoria in Tehran in 2023, and 30 of them were selected based on the gender identity questionnaire )Deogracias et al, 2007( and a clinical interview structured according to DSM-5 criteria with their children. and were randomly replaced in the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). The selected subjects in both groups were measured by the pre-test and depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1996), after that the parenting program based on mindfulness (Bögels & Restifo, 2014) was taught to the experimental group, but the control group received no training. did not receive After the training, a post-test was conducted in both groups, and a follow-up test was conducted in both groups after three months. The obtained data were analyzed using the statistical method of variance with repeated measurement and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS software. The results of the research showed that the parenting program based on mindfulness improved the level of depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers with children with gender dysphoria, and this improvement was maintained until the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Based on this, this type of training can be used to improve the psychological condition of this group of mothers.

Identifying the values and beliefs of spouses about married life and interpersonal relationships plays an important role in revealing the backgrounds of the instability of married life. The aim  of this study was to analyze the facilitators of marital instability and its consequences in Ilam city. This qualitative research was carried out in the framework of grounded theory and in order to identify and understand the causal processes of the formation of marital instability from the point of view of experts (including university experts, dispute resolution council experts and family court judges) in Ilam city. has taken. In this study, 20 participants were selected by theoretical and purposive sampling methods. The desired data were collected and analyzed based on in-depth interviews. The emerging model includes three dimensions of conditions, actions-interactions, and consequences. The "Conditions" dimension includes superficial knowledge, moral and behavioral deviation, the coercive approach of couples, weak problem-solving skills, and spouses' disharmony" dimension of "action-interactions" includes the role of silence and tolerance, feelings of inferiority and confrontation, violence and revenge and tendency to Divorce, the "consequences" dimension, includes intensification of feelings of inferiority and frustration, transformation and inefficiency of family values, identity crisis, and moral insecurity. Therefore, it has been proposed to establish and strengthen cultural centers, improve patterns of marital skills, and strengthen the monitoring and treatment of counseling centers to reduce marital instability.