مجله راهبرد سیاسی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 27، زمستان 1402)

Understanding the political attitude of university professors is one of the most important issues for political and social planners and even thinkers who are concerned about reforming the country. The present article, inspired by the political typology of Almond and Verba on political culture, examines the political culture of professors at public universities in Mazandaran province. The main research question is; What is the type and amount of participation of professors of Mazandaran public universities? For this purpose, the survey method and selection of the desired samples have been used in accordance with scientific methods, the results of which can be generalized to all professors of public universities in the province. According to the research findings, which were extracted from 310 samples, the perceptual dimension of professors' political culture is more powerful than the emotional and judgmental dimension. From another perspective, the findings show that participatory culture is more widespread than subordinate and limited culture, and professors want active rather than passive participation in political issues. It therefore demands that political and social planners provide the platform for the realization of free-thinking seats.

The main goal of the current research is to compare the indicators of consolidation and stabilization of democracy during the presidency of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani based on the modernization theory of Martin Lipsett and Larry Diamond. What has been questioned in the current research is what role did the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran play in consolidating and stabilizing the elements and indicators of democracy between 1384 and 1400? In order to achieve the desired and worthy result, key and important indicators such as urbanization, industrialization, public education, inflation, foreign investment, housing, employment, parties and non-governmental organizations were selected and evaluated in the mentioned period. The findings of the research show that in some indicators, such as the category of housing and job creation, the government of Ahmadinejad has been more successful; And in some others like; Attracting foreign investment, forming parties and establishing non-governmental organizations, Rouhani's government has performed better, and in the field of indicators such as inflation control, urbanization process, industrialization and public education, the actions of both governments have been close to each other. The research method is a qualitative type of causal explanation.

In the current study, the place of artificial intelligence in foreign policy strategy, the amount of investment and use of artificial intelligence in the field of international relations and future wars of the United States of America were analyzed in the framework of game theory. The type of research is theoretical-applied. The statistical community of professors and experts who are active in the field of artificial intelligence and American studies with specialized doctorate and postdoctoral degrees; They were selected by snowball sampling. In addition to referring to existing books and documents, the tool for data collection was using a closed questionnaire on a Likert scale.The data was analyzed in spss software.The obtained results show that the United States, seeking to improve its economic situation, has considered one of the main goals of artificial intelligence development. On the other hand, the improvement of scientific and research capacities as well as the improvement and development of technical and data infrastructures have also been considered.Overall, all US strategies in artificial intelligence have seven themes:Financing of research and development, regulation and regulation and development of standards, culture building, training, consulting services, networking, support for cooperation and ecosystem and stimulation of market demand.

Geographical location, civilization history, Shiite religion and oil discovery in the last century created a special place for Iran in the world. During the Pahlavi era, with the extensive influence of extra-regional powers, Iran's government became the gendarmerie of the region and a strategic ally of the West led by the United States. With the occurrence of the Islamic revolution, global arrogance, which saw its strategic interests in the region at risk, rose through influence, sanctions, threats, coup d'états, ethnic provocations and finally an imposed war in order to defeat the revolution and restore the previous order. The expansion of the scope of the war also laid the groundwork for more and more roles of trans-regional powers and pressure on Iran to end the war. Therefore, the nature of these roles in the war as well as their reasons will be investigated in this research. One of the best theories that can explain the conditions governing the regional system and the structure of the international system in the conditions of the war between Iraq and Iran after the revolution is the theory of neorealism, which has been used in this research. In this research, the method of referring to historical

One of the challenging issues after the Islamic revolution is the place of human knowledge and expertise in the administration of the Islamic system. Some consider jurisprudential management to be in contrast with scientific management, while others consider the consideration of society's interests and attention to human experience as the secularization of government. The purpose of this article is to explain the position of expertise in the administration of the Islamic system based on the methodology of jurisprudence with an emphasis on the opinions of Imam Khomeini (RA), and the claim of this article is that according to Imam Khomeini (RA), jurisprudential management is not in contrast with scientific management, and referring to reason and human experience in the administration of Islamic society does not mean the secularization of religion, but the necessity of Implementation of Sharia law.To prove this claim, first by describing the opinions of the Scholars of principles of jurisprudence regarding the authority of human knowledge in this field; Then, by examining the areas of administration of the Islamic society, we have analyzed the essentials of these basics in the administration of the Islamic system.

Women, as the most effective member of society, who is the largest share of the domestic administration of the family as a social unit, play the most important role in the education and development of the community, and because of the particular role they play in creation, to the internal capital. This research is a library and documentary documentary on secondary data and is a descriptive research method in the category of development research. Women are an important part of providing capital in the public sector. In most human societies, employment rates and women's participation are low. We need to know that women's participation in the public sector, especially at management and decision -making levels, must provide conditions for women to know their abilities. Achieving the goals of organizations and its follow up to the growth and development of societies in various fields requires a better and more presence of women and men in the field.

This article introduces the concept of strategic culture and tries to investigate its relationships with the Iranian arms policy. strategic culture consist of a code of political values, cultural beliefs regarding threats, national security, the position of the military forces and the use of forces in the international security. In the view of some researchers, the Iranian strategic culture has a determining role in forming arms policy and national security of states. On this basis, the main question of the article is that “how Iranian arms policy and national security have been affected by the county’s strategic culture? The hypothesis of the research is that “based on historical experience, Iranian strategic culture has played main role in shaping the country’s arms policy and national security”.The present research with descriptive-analytical method proposes the hypothesis that several components are effective in shaping the strategic culture of Iran and it can be said that historical experiences, religious-Islamic teachings and geography have played a role in shaping the strategic culture of Islamic Iran more than any other component.

Iran and Saudi Arabia are considered important powers in the West Asian region, and each is seeking to increase its influence in these regions as well as in the Islamic world, which has caused an increasing competition between the two countries. The competition between the two countries has had a significant impact on the relationship between them and has gone through many ups and downs. In the course of these relations, sometimes these two countries have clashed over regional, cultural and religious issues, and sometimes they have cooperated on common interests. By raising the question of how the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia have been in line with the regional balance of power theory, this research has reached the answer that the relations between these two countries have influenced regional developments and policies and the two countries During the last three decades, they have competed in the implementation of regional policies. During the last three decades, they have competed in the implementation of regional policies

This article is taken from a doctoral thesis entitled "The role of cement in the promotion and development of human rights and its impact on the national security situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran". In order to reach a clear understanding of the spheres of influence of human rights and to clarify the relationship between national security issues and the activities of non-governmental human rights organizations, this article has explained and distinguished between opportunities and threats in this field.In this research, we have used quantitative and library methods to achieve the research goals. By carefully studying sources, conducting in-depth interviews with decision-makers and influencers in this area, and using the experiences of attending international forums, the way human rights cements influence and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been investigated. The results of this research lead us to the point that although the semans have a direct and positive effect in the promotion, development and protection of human rights, but the instrumental and political use of non-governmental organizations in relations, international political competitions, which is in conflict with the sovereignty And security is also possible.

The geopolitical landscape of the Persian Gulf region has witnessed significant transformations in recent decades, marked by considerable tensions and conflicts among active political actors in the region, especially the neighboring countries of the Persian Gulf. Currently, amidst new developments, whispers about reducing tensions among regional countries, especially Iran and Saudi Arabia, are heard, which could potentially influence the geopolitical situation of the Persian Gulf region and improve future conditions in terms of economic, security, military, cultural, and environmental cooperation platforms. This research is premised on the notion that achieving peaceful convergence based on the mutual interests and needs of countries, such as economic, military, energy, and environmental needs, will create favorable conditions across various domains within the region. The aim of this research is to analyze the key factors and driving forces affecting the future status of the geopolitical situation in the Persian Gulf region. The present study is based on an exploratory-applied research method, and the necessary data have been obtained through interviews with experts. The research findings indicate that the influential factors on the future status of the geopolitical situation in the Persian Gulf region include, in order, factors such as extra-regional partners, the influence of major powers, establishing a common market, maritime cooperation, oil and gas trade, arms competitions, intra-regional conflicts, exchange rates, goods transit, and China's entry. Proper utilization of these key factors can lead to geopolitical convergence in the region.

As with other vertical reforms, Abbas Mirza, the Crown Price, used an authoritarian approach. This method was immediate and the only known method in the Tribal Union which was formed based on conquest. The Charisma played an important role in this method relied on cult of personality. Complications resulted from/to such an approach led to contradiction and obstacles to reforms. Relying on the cult of personality leads to relying on a tradition which contradicts with the pluralistic and codified nature of modernism.Because of this repetitive approach, explaining the authoritarian method in the era of FathAli-Shah, as the commence of western modernism, is necessary to realize the motivations and solutions. We try to prove that the complications from the authoritarian method, including getting stuck in dysfunctional traditions, not having codified plan, and resorting to the mentioned traditions to avoid them, nullified the achievements of the reforms. In fact, the lack of an independent, committed and documented bureaucracy not only intensified the military and competitive approach, but also trapped in dysfunctional traditions through dependence on traditional tools and thoughts. A historical pathology to provide a pattern of obstacles and causes is the first step to avoid such situations and social blockage.

Globalization is an inevitable process that means internationalization and eliminating geographical boundaries. The thinkers of different countries talk about the world in a different way, there is not much consensus about it. Today, globalization is the most obvious trend in the convergence of countries, the most important aspect of which is the economic aspect. On the other hand, currently citizenship rights are one of the important legal topics both at the domestic and international level, in the meantime, the French and German constitutions pay attention to citizenship rights and the difference of ethnicity.does not include race and language in enjoying this right. In this article, the attempt is to describe and analyze globalization and its effects on citizenship rights, while defining comprehensively and completely the concept of globalization, the challenges of globalization as well as the positive consequences. And its negative aspects should be examined in relation to citizenship rights. In the following, the effects of globalization on citizenship rights and ways to promote citizenship rights in the age of globalization are described and explained. The research hypothesis is that the available evidence indicates a positive effect of globalization on citizenship rights