نشریه روانشناسی معاصر
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

With recent advances in technology, tools such as computers, the Internet and mobile phones are now deeply affecting people's lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of difficulty in emotion regulation and loneliness Feeling in predicting cell-phone over use in adolescents. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was all high school students in Urmia in 2020-2021, from which 400 people with were selected by convenience sampling. Research instruments included the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz and Roemer, 2004), the loneliness Feeling Scale (Asher et al. 1984) and cell- phone over use Scale (Jenaro et al. 2007). Stepwise regression was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that difficulty in emotion regulation and loneliness had a significant positive relationship with cell- phone over use. Results also showed that difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors predict 0.18, loneliness Feeling 0.23, and limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies 0.20 of the variance of cell- phone over use. Given the role of difficulty in emotion regulation and loneliness feeling in predicting cell-phone over use, it seems necessary to conduct workshops based on emotion regulation and loneliness feeling

The present study aimed to examine classroom management based on teacher emotion and the classroom organizational climate mediated by the teachers emotional creativity and self-efficacy. A descriptive-correlational method using structural equation modeling was employed. The participants included all members of academic staff of Farhangian University (N= 7000) of these, 416 individuals were selected via random cluster sampling method and participated in the study. Data were collected using the following five questionnaires: a) the questionnaire of teacher emotion (Chen, 2016), measuring emotions related to pleasure, sadness, anger and fear, b) the Class Management Questionnaire (Wolfgang & Glickman, 1986), measuring 3 factors (Educational management, people management and behavior management); c) the Teacher Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Bandura, 1997), measuring self- efficacy for decision making and educational self-efficacy, disciplinary self-efficacy and self-efficacy for creating a positive atmosphere, and d) the Emotional Creativity Questionnaire (April, 1991), measuring 4 factors (Innovation, effectiveness, originality, and readiness), and e) the Organization Climate Questionnaire (Hoplin & Kraft, 2000), measuring 8 factors (spirit, harassment, intimacy, interest, consideration, distance, influence and dynamism, emphasis on production) and using 4 questions. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Sobel test using AMOS 24 software.  To examine the effect of the mediator variables, the boot stroop test was used. The findings revealed that teacher excitement and the classroom organizational atmosphere had a significant effect on classroom management, and this was mediated by the teachers self-efficacy and emotional creativity.  Managing their anxiety and emotion and boosting their self-efficacy, teachers can have a significant impact of students learning. Therefore, educating teachers bases on such principles can contribute importantly to educating effective teachers.

Self-worth is considered as an index of psychological adjustment and proper social functioning. The aim of this research was the effectiveness of self-worth treatment package on rumination and self-criticism of depressed women. The statistical population of the research included all depressed women aged 18 to 50 in Yazd. The sample consisted of 30 women with depression who were selected as available and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups, where 15 people were considered for each of the two research groups. Research tools were rumination questionnaire of Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) and self-criticism questionnaire of Thomson and Zorav (2004). The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of self-worth therapeutic intervention. However, patients in the control group did not receive any therapeutic intervention. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance was used using SPSS23 statistical software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the average scores of rumination in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages, as well as between the average scores of self-criticism in the pre-test, post-test and There is also a significant difference in the follow-up phase. The self-worth treatment package with variables such as self-compassion, self-awareness for depressed people works like physical therapy of the mind, that is, by stimulating the soothing system, it provides the basis for its transformation, and with the transformation of this system, resilience against It increases depression and can reduce rumination and self-criticism in depressed women.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of Emotion Focused Therapy on Pessimistic Marital Expectation and Self-Criticism in Neurotic Perfectionist girls. The statistical population consisted of all Neurotic Perfectionist girls in Ahvaz. The research sample consisted of 5 girls that were selected according to the results of the neurotic perfectionism questionnaires (NPQ), using purposeful sampling method. In this research, a single-case experimental design, type of concurrent multiple baseline designs was used. To evaluate the Pessimistic Marital Expectation, Marital Expectation Scale and Self-Criticism, The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale were used. The data was collected in three phases of baseline, during intervention, and three month follow-up. The findings indicate that the subjects in the treatment phase experienced improvement in Pessimistic Marital Expectation (18.75) and Self-Criticism (21.98), and in the follow-up in regards to Pessimistic Marital Expectation (23.91) and Self-Criticism (49.66). The change index was indicative of meaningful changes (z=1.96 α=0.05). Therefore, the research findings illustrated that Emotion Focused Therapy reduces Pessimistic Marital Expectation and Self-Criticism in Neurotic Perfectionist girls.

The present study was conducted to analyze the latent profile of patterns of distribution of mental disorders based on the short form of the Minnesota Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MMPI). In a cross-sectional study, 380 people from non-clinical adult population of Kermanshah were selected by convenience sampling method and evaluated using the short form of MMPI. Data were analyzed based on latent profile analysis, Pearson correlation, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and one-way analysis of variance tests using SPSS and Mplus software. Latent profile analysis showed that a model with three profiles has the best fit with the data. From these three profiles, the first profile belonged to those who had good mental health. The second profile belonged to those who were in average mental health and the third profile belonged to those who suffered from mental disorders. Belonging to the first profile was associated with higher age compared to the second profile (F=3.14, P<0.05) and higher education compared to the third profile (K.W.=9.06, P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that by using the latent profile analysis method, it is easy to identify patterns of mental disorders in any society and this method can be effective in providing appropriate intervention for each group of people

The purpose of this research was to meta-analyze researche in the field of psychological interventions for bereavement in Iran, to establish a connection between studies and to obtain a coherent result from scattered results using powerful statistical methods. The statistical population included Farsi articles on the topic of bereavement interventions, and the sample size of the research included 32 articles. The data collection tool included the Warsiglin list and meta-analysis method instructions, which were reviewed and approved by experts. For implementation, comprehensive meta-analysis software of the second edition and Hedges effect size calculation tests, T-square, I-square and Q significance level, error-safe N emission bias, Dual and Toid, Bag and Mesomeder correlation were used. The findings showed that cognitive-behavioral interventions with an Islamic approach (Z=16.47, p<0.001), group cognitive-behavioral therapy (Z=10.35, p<0.001) and Islamic bereavement therapy (Z=7.35, p<0.001) It has the largest effect size and meaning therapy (Z=5.70, p<0.001), therapy based on improving the quality of life (Z=6.60, p<0.001) and music therapy (Z=5.68, p<0.001) respectively have the lowest effect size. They are in the treatment of bereavement symptoms. The researches carried out in the field of play therapy interventions, group therapy, Islamic bereavement therapy, mind-awareness, cognitive-behavioral therapy with an Islamic approach, drama therapy and cognitive-behavioral group therapy are heterogeneous and in contrast to emotion-based therapy, improving the quality of life , cognitive-behavioral with the child's parent's approach, meaning therapy, music therapy, reality therapy and cognitive-behavioral are homogeneous. Findings concluded that group therapy, mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral with Islamic approach, cognitive-behavioral with child-parent approach, group cognitive-behavioral therapy, emotion-based therapy have publication bias. Studies of treatment methods based on improving the quality of life, meaning therapy, music therapy and drama therapy are free of publication bias.

Job stress develops from interactions, job tasks, and heightened stressors and lead to burnout, increasing absenteeism, health problems, and turnover. Individuals who are high in trait mindfulness are less stressed at work, better adjusted, and healthier. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on Job stress and Assertiveness among employed women. This study was a experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was the employed women in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2022, out of which 30 people were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly placed into two equal groups. The experimental group was trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes (one sessions per week) with mindfulness-based stress reduction method, and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected by Parker and Davis job stress questionnaire, Gambrill and Richey assertiveness Scale, and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Finding showed a significant difference between performance of both experimental and control groups in the scores of Job stress and Assertiveness in post-test stages (p < 0/001). Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that training program of mindfulness-based stress reduction is effective in reduce Job stress and increasing Assertiveness among employed women. Regarding the effectiveness of training, implementation of such educational programs by Managers of organizations and other family therapists is recommended.

In the framework of the model, this research has investigated boredom based on goal orientation and self-efficacy with the mediation of students' procrastination. The statistical population of this research includes all high school students in Tehran, out of which 490 students were selected by random cluster sampling. To collect the research data, G. Sharp's boredom questionnaires (2021), Oliver and McGregor's achievement goals questionnaire (2001), Mejli et al.'s academic self-efficacy questionnaire (2000) and Sawari academic procrastination questionnaire (2010) were used and the collected data collected was analyzed using the path coefficient and structural equation method using SPSS version 23 and Amos version 24 software. Also, Seville test was used to measure the effect of the mediating variable. The findings showed that the variables of self-efficacy and goal orientation It has a direct, negative and meaningful effect on academic boredom and work procrastination. Also, according to the amount of t, procrastination has a direct, positive and significant effect on boredom. It is worth mentioning that the coefficients were significant for all direct paths. On the other hand, the results of indirect effects showed that each of the variables of goal orientation and self-efficacy with the mediation of procrastination has an indirect, negative and significant effect on boredom. These findings indicate that the structural model of boredom is based on goal orientation and self-efficacy with mediation. Procrastination is a good fit.

Problem-solving as an important transversal competency for the training students in the 21st century is attended in many educational systems, including Iran. However, no formal curriculum has yet been proposed for its development inside of our country. The present study has been designed to know current performance of students. With this regards, 4253 eleventh grade students in Tehran, which randomly selected, asked 32 items that were nested in 15 performance tasks. The results showed that average score of sample is a bit, but significantly, lower than the mid-point of scale. Also, 19 percent of students had not achieved to even first performance level. Furthermore, the performance distribution of boys is broader than girls’, especially in lower area. Besides, students who educate in mathematics-physic, science, humanistic sciences, career-technical education, and vocational training showed the best performance, respectively. Comparison between school types revealed that the highest performance was in gifted students schools and in the other side, the lowest performance was in public schools. In general, performance of students in Tehran City was evaluated as weak, even with regards to its average that was close to mid-point of scale.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of compassion therapy training and reality therapy on psychosomatic symptoms, perceived stress and quality of life in health workers. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The research community consisted of all male and female personnel working in educational/therapeutic hospitals in the city of Isfahan. Sampling was done in an available manner. For this purpose, 45 employees of Khursheed, Isa bin Maryam, Amin, and Ghori hospitals, who volunteered to participate in the research, were randomly selected in 3 experimental groups 1, 2, and control (15 people in each group) were assigned. Reality therapy sessions (Glasser, 1998) were applied during 8 sessions of 60 minutes for experimental group 1 and Gilbert (1996) compassion therapy sessions were applied during 8 sessions of 90 minutes for experimental group 2. while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included Takata and Sakata (2004) Psychosomatic Complaint Scale, Cohen et al.'s (1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), which were completed by all 3 groups in the pre-test and post-test stages.  Data analysis was performed at two descriptive levels (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of covariance(. The research findings showed that compassion therapy and reality therapy were effective on psychosomatic symptoms, perceived stress and quality of life of health workers (p<0.05(. These two treatments (compassion therapy and reality therapy) have the same effectiveness on psychosomatic symptoms, perceived stress and quality of life of health workers.  Therefore, it can be concluded that compassion therapy and reality therapy can have an important effect in increasing the quality of life, reducing psychosomatic symptoms and the perceived stress of health workers