مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 79 (امرداد و شهریور 1402)

The presence of various stakeholders has challenged the leaders of the league organization with the challenges of planning and allocating offenders and the purpose of this study was to provide strategic analysis of the stakeholders of the organization of the League of Football of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, 197 academic experts in the field of marketing and strategic management of sport, managers and staff of the League of Football Premier League, athletics and coach as a sample of the research, responded to the Mandlo (1991) and Saghfi (1393) questionnaire to determine the amount of power, interests, potential (threat and cooperation) And urgent stakeholders. Analysis was performed on the basis of SPSS software. The results indicate that the League has two groups of stakeholders: the main stakeholders (sponsors, national sports media, government and government organs, players and coaches, and referees in the Premier League) and primary stakeholders (Fans and spectators of the league). In the meantime, the government and government agencies have high potential threats and partnerships, and because of the high degree of urgency, a participatory strategy should be considered as an important stakeholder. The results of this research can help managers and planners to understand what strategy they should take in dealing with each and every one of them, and ultimately they can take professionalism with their demands.

In the present study, for the first time, the antecedents and consequences of marketing agility in the field of sports and its impact on performance were investigated. The statistical population of this research consisted of 280 sales and marketing staff of Majid Company. To determine the number of sample members, two methods of Cochran's formula for limited society and 10-fold rule were used, and 162 people were considered as sample members. To collect the data using the random sampling method, a researcher-made questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was distributed among the sample members and 162 questionnaires were received. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data, and the results showed that marketing intelligence, training and development, and marketing planning are Antecedents and drivers for sports marketing agility. Also, sports marketing agility has a significant effect on new product advantage and innovation capability, and these two variables are the consequences of sports marketing agility. Company performance is another consequence of sports marketing agility, which new product advantage and innovation capability also have a significant effect on performance, and finally, market turbulence moderates the relationship between sports marketing agility and company performance. In general, according to the research findings, sports marketing agility is one of the new marketing methods that successful sports companies can use to maintain and improve their competitive position. Finally, practical suggestions were provided to managers of sports companies and future researchers.

The purpose of this study was to build and make validation of a measurement a model tool to recruit academic sport elites in sport organizations of Iran. This study used mixed method. In qualitative section, 62 questions were designed according to theoretical foundation and academic sport elites’ comments. For checking the face validity, the questionnaires were distributed among 15 academic sport elites, then the questionnaires were reviewed by result of Lawshe formula, as a result 5 questions were omitted. Sampling method was stratified random sampling based on Structural equation among 337 academic sport elites in sport organizations of Iran. For getting structural validity, Structural equation and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Data were surveyed in SPSS and LISREL programs. Final components were identified after varimax rotation. 5 components’ title and reliability coefficient were contextual conditions (0.78), causal conditions (0.82), Strategies (0.95), Consequences (0.93) and Interfering conditions (0.93). Questionnaire total reliability was calculated equal to (0.93) by Cronbach's alpha. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the fitness of 5 components. Eventually, the designed questionnaire can be used in organizations as an appropriate tool for measuring and evaluating to recruit academic sport elites in sport organizations of Iran.

With the development of technology and the mechanization of lifestyle, the amount of exercise has decreased, this factor has reduced the level of health in society. One of the areas that increase the physical and mental health of society is exercise and leisure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a model of recreational exercise in the family. The method of the study was qualitative research using the grounded theory and the method of data collection was field study which was designed, appropriate model. The statistical population of this study was active leisure professionals such as university faculty members, family counselors, experts in organizing family sports events at the Ministry of Sports and Youth, experts from the Federation of Public Sports. The method was snowball sampling. Sampling continued until the model reached the theoretical saturation level. Inthis study, the model reached the theoretical saturation level in interview26. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The Strauss-Corbin paradigm is used to analyze the interview texts, through the hierarchy of open, axial, and selective coding. Accordingly, we considered recreational sports in the family as the central class and examined the other classes as follows: conditional (causal, contextual, intervening), and consequential categories. The research findings included 6components in causal conditions, 4components in contextual conditions, 4components in interventionist conditions, 5components in strategies and 7components in consequences, which brings a total of 26components. According tothe results of the research, institutions can take positive steps towards the development of recreational sports in the family.

The method of the present study was a survey that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the present study included all experts and knowledgeable individuals in the field of economics in sports. Purposeful sampling was used to identify these experts. After sampling; 15 knowledgeable and specialized experts in the field of economics in sports were identified. In order to identify the methods of financing sports clubs, the theoretical foundations as well as the views of research samples were used. Thus, first after conducting theoretical studies; A number of methods of financing sports clubs as well as indicators affecting these methods were identified and then in the form of Delphi method; These methods and indicators were finalized. The Delphi method was performed in three rounds in the present study. The output of this method led to the formation of a questionnaire according to the TOPSIS method to select the most appropriate financing method. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by examining the opinions of experts and also the reliability of the questionnaire after calculating Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.88). In order to select the best financing method, TOPSIS method was used and in order to prioritize the identified effective indicators, AHP method was used. The whole process of research data analysis was performed using SuperDecisions and BT TopSis SoLver software. According to the results of the AHP method,

The outbreak of coronavirus has posed a serious threat to sports businesses. The aim of this study was identifying the factors affecting participatory governance of coronavirus crisis management in sports businesses. The study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research using unstructured Glaser method. The statistical population consists of experts who have scientific, executive or both expertises in sports management. In the present study, the opinions of 15 experts were collected during a semi-structured interview in a purposeful way until the theoretical saturation was reached. The reliability of the interviews was 0.75 using the intra-subject agreement study method. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding by Maxqda2018 software. 60 codes were obtained in the open coding stage and 7 axes in the axial coding stage and finally, the factors of systemic approach, compensatory strategy, NGOs, crisis response policy, media support, e-government and crisis governance were identified as effective factors. As a result, crisis management based on participatory governance can increase its capabilities in dealing with such crises due to these factors and perform better in reviving and keeping sports and sports businesses active.

As societies progress and become more complex, policy-making has increasingly revealed its shortcomings and inefficiencies. Among the causes of these inefficiencies, we can mention reductionism, misunderstanding of uncertainties and desire to achieve certainty, evolution of new patterns of cognition and oversimplification of the complexities of the human world.. Foresight is one of the fields of knowledge that is based on comprehensiveness and participation. Foresight means uncovering something that can make a systematic or fundamental difference in the coming years. One of the environments that is constantly exposed to many changes and has many uncertainties is the sports environment. In sports organizations, development is considered a fundamental issue and the concept of development in sports has an unbreakable link with the component of sustainable income generation. It can cause the development of sports and finally the development of income generation in Iranian sports. The current research is considered as a descriptive (non-experimental) research. This research is a compilation of internal and external stakeholders of drivers and uncertainties affecting the sustainable income generation of professional sports clubs in Iran based on purposeful sampling and snowball selection, and finally the findings indicate that It is that the increase of the sports budget and a better economic and financial view of professional sports and the presence of sponsors in the form of government sponsors or sometimes private sponsors are among the most important drivers of professional sports clubs.

The purpose of this study was to analysis of the electroencephalography signal to assess the effect of internal & external -sport advertising and attitude of athletes and non-athletes among them. In this study “Internal and external sport advertising “was independent variable and “Brain wave activity “and “attitude of athlete and non-athlete” are dependent variable. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in nature is semi-experimental. Statistical community of the present study consist of 32 university students, including athlete and non-athlete men and women, 16 athlete and 16 non-athletes that all right-handed in the age category 20-35 years and no history of illness and surgery in the head. Information for quantitative analysis using Matlab19 software and SPSS 22. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used for study normality of data distribution and was used paired T Test analysis of variance with repeated measures and the approach of Wilks Lambda to test the hypothesis. Results showed differences in the impact of external sport advertisement on the attitude in athletes and non-athletes’ groups.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the mental patterns of experts regarding the problems of the country's national sports brand. This research was of a mixed type from the point of view of purpose, application, and due to the use of Q methodology. In the first stage, using a targeted sampling method with 14 people from sports management, sports marketing management, branding experts, experts and experts in the field of public diplomacy and sports, experts in the field of public and sports tourism and media people. An interview was conducted to determine the cue expressions. After this stage, it was time to identify the mentalities with the quantitative method and with the help of Q factor analysis technique. In the current research, the number of participants was 29 people, they arranged the Q expressions in a non-probabilistic manner. Using Varimax rotation and exploratory factor analysis, the above factors were categorized using SPSS version 22 software. The findings showed that seven mental patterns "legal environment and restrictive governance", "tendency to improper management", "external pressures and sanctions", "absence of free markets", "weak sports cultural structure", "economic problems" and capitalism" and "the weakness of the country's sports media" regarding the problems surrounding the country's national sports brand. In a general conclusion, it should be stated that the sports structure of the country has not been able to explain its brand well in the country and present it as a national brand both domestically and internationally,

The current research was designed with the aim of designing a model for providing facilities granted by banks in the sports industry. The present research was one of the qualitative researches that was carried out in the field. The qualitative method used in this research was of the grand theory type. The participants in the current research included experts who are knowledgeable about the research topic. This problem was formed until theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 15 interviews were conducted in this regard. data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured interview. The results of showed that 56 codes were extracted from the interviews and these codes were categorized into 15 categories. In the way that these categories are in accordance with the paradigmatic model of research in the 6 dimensions of the paradigmatic model in the form of causal factors (2 categories), the main category: the design of the model of facilities granted by banks in the sports industry (1 category), strategies (4 categories), background conditions (3 categories), intervening conditions (2 categories) and consequences (3 categories) were placed. Paying attention to background factors and intervening factors and implementing strategies can provide a serious basis for improving the facilities granted by banks in the sports industry. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that by evaluating the way of providing banking facilities and also creating various facility packages according to banking regulations; He provided conditions to increase the facilities granted by banks in the sports industry.

Sponsorship is a resource that will be able to provide sustainable competitive advantages and a form of fast-growing marketing that has the potential to become the 21st Century marketing tool. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify effective strategies in the Iran's sports professional sponsorship model.This is an applied research of purpose and data collection is field study. The kind of research is survey and descriptive. According to the grounded theory (Grounded) is based on the method of Glaser. The statistical population is sport industry experts, directors, secretaries and marketing managers of sports federations, Managers and Board Directors of sponsors, and professors of universities with researches and projects related to the matters, Sport organizations, that 23 of them were selected by Target and snowball sampling method. The interviews were open and semi-structured and data analysis has occurred by qualitative content analysis and open, axial and selective coding.The results of the research identified 6 general strategies including investing, relationship management, leveraging and activation, sponsorship fit and alliances as effective strategies in professional sports sponsorship. This research by presenting a model and focusing on appropriate strategies seeks to create competitive advantages and increase the commercial power of sports federations and facilitate the decision-making process in investment as well as the survival of sponsors in professional sport of Iran.

The media is considered as one of the most influential factors in attracting viewers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of emerging media in relation to the Iranian Football Premier League with a 360-degree approach. This research is based on a quantitative method, based on exploratory implementation path and applied purpose. Participants included all experts in sports management and media management, and in a small part included all football coaches, football managers, players, referees, journalists in football leagues and media communication experts, as well as the audience of the country's Premier Football League, which numbered 384 people (with emphasis on Sample adequacy were the formula for determining the sample size of Cochran). The sampling method in this study was stratified random. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire evaluating the performance of emerging media in relation to the Premier Football League. The construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by heuristic factor analysis and hybrid reliability and Cronbach's alpha of the instrument using structural equation method. Data analysis was performed using one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance and modeling based on SLPS software. Based on the obtained results, considering the three values of 0.02, 0.15 and 0.35 as values indicating the predictive power of the model for GoF, the calculated value of 0.563 indicates a strong overall fit of the model.